南京北郊大气细粒子在人体呼吸系统沉积特性

使用宽范围颗粒粒径谱仪(WPS)对2015年1月和4月南京北郊大气气溶胶数浓度进行观测,使用多路径粒子剂量测量模型(MPPD)v.3.04模式估算不同空气质量指数(AQI)级别下、休息与运动状态下,细粒子在人体呼吸系统不同部位的沉积分数(DF)和沉积数浓度.结果发现,核模态和爱根核模态DF在休息和运动状态下近似,积聚模态DF在运动时是休息时的2.49倍.肺部对核模态和爱根核模态总沉积分数(TDF)贡献最大,休息时约占48.17%,运动时约占54.23%,头部对积聚模态TDF贡献最大,休息时约占41.23%,运动时约占80.47%.冬季人体内颗粒物沉积数浓度明显低于春季,各部位中总沉积数浓度大小为:肺部气管支气管头部.与休息时相比,运动时肺部核模态沉积增多,气管及支气管和头部积聚模态沉积增多,且头部表现出空气质量越差,运动较休息增长越多的特点.地区间DF的差异主要由于生理参数不同,沉积数浓度的差异主要由于当地环境中粒子数浓度不同.

Modeled Deposition of Fine Particles in Human Airway in Northern Suburb of Nanjing

The particles number concentrations were determined by Wide-range Particle Spectrometer (WPS) in northern suburb of Nanjing in January and April 2015. The information of size distributions was applied in the multiple-path particle dosimetry model (MPPD) v.3.04 to quantify deposition fractions (DF) and number concentration (NC) depositions of fine particles in different regions of human airway, at different air quality levels, at rest and exercise. DF of nucleation mode and Aitken mode at rest and exercise were similar, while DF of accumulation mode at exercise was 2.49 times of that at rest. DF of nucleation mode and Aitken mode in pulmonary (PUL) was the highest, about 48.17% of total deposition fractions (TDF) at rest and 54.23% of TDF at exercise. DF of accumulation mode in head was the highest, about 41.23% of TDF at rest and 80.47% of TDF at exercise. The particle NC deposition in human airway in winter was lower than that in spring, and the total NC deposition in 3 regions was in the order of PUL > tracheobronchial(TB) > head. Compared with resting, nucleation mode deposition in PUL and accumulation mode deposition in TB and head increased at exercise. The worse the air quality, the higher the deposition growth rate of exercising to resting in head. DF difference among regions was mainly due to the different physiological parameters, while NC deposition difference was mainly due to the different particle NC in the local environment.