深圳大气降水的化学组成特征

为了了解近年来深圳降水的化学特征与大气污染状况,连续2 a采集了深圳降水样品,分析其化学组分.结果表明,与北京等中国北方内陆城市相比,深圳降水中离子浓度比较低,但降水的酸化程度和酸化频率非常高,雨量加权pH值在2004年和2005年分别为4.48和4.68,酸化频率分别为88%和91%,降水酸化严重;相对中国内陆酸雨城市,深圳降水中SO24-对雨水酸性贡献相对较低,而NO-3和Cl-对雨水阴离子总量及降水酸性的贡献相对较大;Cl-和Na 对雨水阴阳离子的贡献较高,深圳降水受海洋的影响显著;SO24-、NO-3、NH 4等二次组分在雨水中占有很高比例,三者之和超过离子总量的40%,表明深圳大气环境中二次污染突出;降水中不同组分的来源差别较大,Cl-、K 、Na 主要来自海洋源,而SO24-、NO-3、Ca2 、Mg2 主要来自非海洋源;甲酸、乙酸和乙二酸是深圳降水中主要的有机酸,三者之和在2004年和2005年分别占检测到的有机酸总量的94%和99%.

Chemical Characteristics of Atmospheric Precipitation in Shenzhen

The precipitation chemical components are good indicators of the air pollution. With rapid economic developing, air quality has greatly changed in Shenzhen. To investigate Chemical feature of precipitation and atmospheric pollution characteristics in Shenzhen, two-year precipitation samples in Shenzhen were collected and analyzed. Based on the dataset, chemical characteristics of rainwater in Shenzhen were discussed. Results show that the concentration of the sum of anions and cations in Shenzhen rainwater was lower compared to northern cities like Beijing, whereas the acidification of rainwater was very serious in Shenzhen. Volume-weighted mean pH values of rainwater were 4.48 and 4.68 respectively, and 88% and 91% of rain events were acidic in 2004 and 2005, respectively. The contribution of SO^2-₄ to Shenzhen rainwater acidity was smaller than that in northern cities and NO^-₃ and Cl^- played an important part to acidification of Shenzhen precipitation. The contribution of Cl^- and Na⁺to rainwater chemical components was higher, indicating the significant marine influence on Shenzhen precipitation. The secondary components like SO^2-₄, NO^-₃ and NH⁺₄ contributed significantly to total ions of rainwater and they accounted for more than 40% of total ions in 2004 and 2005, which indicated the severe secondary pollution in Shenzhen. There was the obvious difference in origins for different rainwater components. Cl^-, K⁺ and Na⁺were mainly from marine contribution while SO^2-₄, NO^-₃, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ were mainly from non-sea salt fraction. Formic acid, acetic acid and oxalic acid were most abundant low-molecular weight organic acids and the sum of their concentrations accounted for 94% and 99% of total organic acids determined in 2004 and 2005, respectively.