黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区典型植被下土壤呼吸季节变化特征与影响因素

运用红外气体分析仪测定了黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区典型植被下土壤呼吸,分析了不同土地利用方式下土壤呼吸与土壤温度、水分和土壤养分的关系.结果表明,不同植被下土壤呼吸季节变化特征区别明显,主要受水分和温度的影响.裸地、农地、苜蓿地、柠条地、撂荒地、长芒草地、荒草地、退化苜蓿地、坡地苜蓿地、坡地撂荒地、坡地农地、梯田农地的土壤呼吸季节变化范围分别为0.32～0.82、0.41～2.83、0.74～2.81、0.76～3.07、0.67～2.79、0.51～2.12、0.56～2.05、0.59～1.66、0.42～2.09、0.31～1.86、0.32～1.93和0.41～3.17μmol.(m2.s)-1,土壤呼吸速率的季节变化幅度以农地(167%～203%)最大,依次为撂荒地(117%～154%)、柠条地(134%)、长芒草地(129%)、苜蓿地(119%～120%)、裸地(94%),最小是退化苜蓿地(92%).裸地和退化苜蓿地的土壤呼吸季节变化幅度不大,苜蓿地和柠条地月平均土壤呼吸强度显著高于其他土地利用方式,农地在7、8月土壤呼吸强度显著高于其它土地利用方式,且其温度敏感性(Q10)也最大,达1.86.不同植被下,土壤呼吸和土壤有机质及速效钾含量呈显著正相关关系,有机质和全氮主要在水热条件好的7、8月影响土壤呼吸,而在温度与水分条件不优越的条件下,土壤铵态氮的含量与土壤呼吸强度呈负相关.

Seasonal Characteristics of Soil Respiration and Affecting Factors Under Typical Vegetations in the Water-Wind Erosion Crisscross Region of the Loess Plateau

By the soil respiration system, the characteristics of soil respiration were investigated to explore the correlations between soil respiration and soil temperature, soil water and soil nutrient under different land use patterns in the water-wind erosion crisscross region of the Loess Plateau. The results indicated that the seasonal changing characteristics of soil respiration were distinguished significantly among different vegetations, and soil water content and temperature were the main influencing factors. Soil respiration seasonal changing ranges, such as bare land, crop land, Medicago sativa land, Caragana korshinskii land, abandoned wild grass land, Stipa bungeana land, wild grass land, degraded Medicago sativa land, sloping Medicago sativa land, sloping abandoned wild grass land, sloping crop land and terraced crop land, were 0.32-0.82, 0.41-2.83, 0.74-2.81, 0.76-3.07, 0.67-2.79, 0.51-2.12, 0.56-2.05, 0.59-1.66, 0.42-2.09, 0.31-1.86, 0.32-1.93 and 0.41-3.17 micromol x (m2 x s)(-1). Comparing seasonal changing magnitudes of soil respiration, crop land was the biggest (167% - 203%), abandoned wild grass land (117% -154%), Caragana korshinskii land (134%), Stipa bungeana land (129%), Medicago sativa land (119%-120%) and bare land (94%) followed crop land. The smallest was degraded Medicago sativa land (92%). Bare land and degraded Medicago sativa land had small seasonal variation during the study period. Monthly average values of soil carbon flux (soil respiration) of Medicago sativa land and Caragana korshinskii land were maximal, but the maximum values under crop land were observed in July and August. Besides Q10 of crop land was also maximal, which reached 1.86. There were significant correlations between soil respiration and soil organic matter and available K. Moreover, soil respiration was affected by soil organic matter and total nitrogen in July and August when the water and heat condition were plentiful, but soil ammonium nitrogen had negative impact on soil respiration in the seasons when water and heat were not optimal.