北京市某家具城室内空气污染水平与特征

为了解家具城室内空气污染状况,于2009年夏采样测定了北京市某家具城多个展区空气中苯系物(苯、甲苯、二甲苯)、总挥发性有机物(TVOC)、甲醛等羰基化合物的浓度.家具城室内空气中甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯和TVOC的总体浓度(均值±标准差)分别为:(0.37±0.08)、(0.04±0.03)、(0.19±0.16)、(0.47±0.57)和(2.76±2.18)mg/m3;甲醛、二甲苯、TVOC的室内浓度分别为室外浓度的22、46和34倍.甲醛、二甲苯、TVOC的平均浓度均超过《室内空气质量标准》所规定的标准值,甲醛、TVOC最高浓度分别是标准值的5.1倍和14.8倍.家具城内羰基化合物总浓度为(689.3±94.8)μg/m3,超过室外浓度5倍,其中甲醛和乙醛的浓度最高,二者浓度之和占羰基化合物总浓度的75%以上;丙酮、4碳羰基化合物(异丁烯醛、甲乙酮、正丁醛)和己醛的浓度也较高.总之,家具城存在严重的室内空气污染.

Level and Characteristics of Indoor Air Pollutants in a Furniture Mall in Beijing

Concentrations of BTX (benzene, toluene and xylene), total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds were measured in different sections of a furniture mall in Beijing. The overall indoor concentrations (mean +/- standard deviation) of formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene, and TVOC were (0.37 +/- 0.08), (0.04 +/- 0.03), (0.19 +/- 0.16), (0.47 +/- 0.57), and (2.76 +/- 2.18) mg/m3, respectively. Indoor concentrations of formaldehyde, xylene and TVOC were 22, 46 and 34 times higher than the corresponding outdoor concentrations respectively. Concentrations of formaldehyde, xylene and TVOC were much higher than the standard limits regulated in the national "indoor air quality standard" (GB/T 18883-2002), and the highest concentrations of formaldehyde and TVOC exceeded the standard limit 5.1 and 14.8 times respectively. Total concentration of carbonyl compounds was (689.3 +/- 94.8) microg/m3, which was 5 times higher than that outdoors. Of the carbonyls, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were found to be the most abundant, together accounting for over 75% of the total carbonyl concentrations. Acetone, C4 carbonyls (methacrolein, methyl ethyl ketone, butanal), and hexanal also occurred at relatively high concentrations. In conclusion, indoor air pollution is serious in the furniture mall.