中国部分水域沉积物中多氯联苯污染物的空间分布、污染评价及影响因素分析

对中国水域沉积物中多氯联苯污染的空间分布、污染程度、污染来源及影响因素进行了研究,并对沉积物中多氯联苯的污染进行了初步的风险评价.结果表明,部分地区多氯联苯污染较严重,东北的松花江、大连湾、河北保定地区、中部的鸭儿湖、南部的珠江流域和台湾地区沉积物中有较高的多氯联苯平均浓度,其余地区沉积物中多氯联苯的污染水平相对较低.多氯联苯污染较严重的地区多为一些港口、工农业发达的区域、发生过泄漏的多氯联苯退役设备封存点和多氯联苯设备非法拆卸的地区,污染特征表现为点源污染的形式.对珠江三角洲地区的研究表明,多氯联苯污染的空间分布与当地水文地质地貌条件、社会经济发展水平、历史及管理等因素相关.水流交换畅通、水体流量大、沉积物含沙质较多、适当的管理等会减轻多氯联苯污染;人口密集、工业发达、有历史或当前排污、航运繁忙等会导致多氯联苯污染加重.

Assessment of PCB Pollution in Spatial Distribution and Analysis of the PCB Sources in Sediments in China

An assessment of the current state of pollution from polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) and PCBs spatial character in sediments are represented.The sources of PCBs and relative factors are also analyzed.Songhua River and Dalian Bay in Northeast,Baoding in Hebei Province,Ya-er Lake in Wuhan City,Pearl River and Taiwan Province in Southeast of China have relatively high level of PCBs,while most other regions have lower average concentrations of PCBs.Serious pollution of PCBs is found in some locations,most of which are harbors,industrial areas,the places where improper disposal of and leakage from PCB containers taken place.Point source pollution is the common pattern of contamination,influenced primarily by local geographic,economic,management and historical factors,with Pearl River/Estuary as an example.