北京郊区农田夏季大气颗粒物质量和离子成分谱分布特征

农业活动是大气颗粒物的重要来源之一.为了研究北京郊区农田大气颗粒物质量和离子成分的分布,探讨其来源,本研究使用8级串联撞击式采样器MOUDI采集了2004年夏季北京远郊菜地的大气颗粒物样品,测量了0.18～18μm粒径段颗粒物质量和水溶性无机离子的粒径分布.细粒子的主要离子成分是SO₄^2-、NO₃^-和NH₄⁺,与温度、湿度和光照等条件相关,推测主要来自农田释放的NH₃与光化学生成的酸性物种的反应.细粒子中的K⁺可能来自植物的排放和生物质的燃烧.粗粒子中Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、NO₃^-和SO₄^2-可能主要来自土壤颗粒物通过机械过程进入大气,以及其后酸性物种和土壤颗粒物表面的化学反应.研究结果表明,施用的化肥和土壤可能是决定农田大气中颗粒物的重要因素,北京远郊菜地对大气颗粒物可能有着重要的贡献.

Characteristics of Mass Distributions of Aerosol Particle and Its Inorganic Water-Soluble Ions in Summer over a Suburb Farmland in Beijing

Agricultural activity is one of the important sources of aerosol particle. To understand the mass distribution and sources of aerosol particle and its inorganic water-soluble ions in the suburb farmland of Beijing, particle samples were collected with a MOUDI cascade impactor in the summer of 2004 in a suburb vegetable field. The mass distributions of the particle and its inorganic water-soluble ions in the diameter range of 0.18 to approximately 18 microm were measured. The dominant ions in the fine particle were SO4(2-), NOS3(-) and NH4+. The association of day to day variation of the concentration of these ions with temperature, humidity and solar radiation suggests that they are formed by the reaction of NH3 released from the vegetable field with the acid species produced from photochemical reactions. K+ in the fine particle is likely from the vegetation emission and biomass burning. Ca2+, Mg2+, NO3(-) and SO4(2-) in the coarse particle are suggested to come from the mechanical process by which the soil particle entered the atmosphere, and from the reactions of the acid species at the surface of the soil particle. The results show that fertilizer and soil are possibly important factors determining the aerosol particle over the agricultural fields, and the vegetable fields in suburb Beijing could contribute significantly to the aerosol particle.