生活污水灌溉对麦秸还田稻田氨挥发排放的影响

以养分回用为目的,在原状土柱模拟试验条件下,采用间歇密闭式抽气法研究了生活污水灌溉对麦秸还田稻田田面水铵态氮浓度、田面水pH以及稻田氨挥发损失的影响.结果表明:1麦秸还田显著增加了田面水NH_4~+-N浓度,生活污水灌溉则显著降低了田面水NH_4~+-N浓度.2正常灌溉施肥秸秆不还田稻田处理的总氨挥发量为58.29 kg·hm-2,占总施氮量的24.29%;麦秸还田显著增加了稻田的氨挥发损失,氨挥发损失量增加了近一倍,达总施氮量的45.66%;而生活污水灌溉显著降低了稻田氨挥发损失量,氨挥发损失量降至总施肥量的17.26%(秸秆不还田)和32.72%(秸秆还田).秸秆还田与生活污水处理具有显著的正交互作用.在3个肥期中,分蘖肥期氨挥发损失率最高,占总氮肥用量的7.38%~24.44%.3无论秸秆还田与否,氨挥发通量与田面水NH_4~+-N浓度之间均存在极显著的正相关关系,与田面水pH值则相关性不显著.麦秸还田增加了稻田氨挥发损失,而麦秸还田与生活污水灌溉耦合能降低稻田氨挥发损失,同时污水中的氮可替代44.41%的化肥氮,减少稻季化肥用量,具有显著的生态环境效益.

Effect of Straw Incorporation and Domestic Sewage Irrigation on Ammonia Volatilization from Paddy Fields

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of straw returning and domestic sewage irrigation on the dynamics of NH₄⁺-N concentration and pH in the flood water, and ammonia volatilization of paddy fields. The results showed that the NH₄⁺-N concentration in flood water was significantly increased by wheat straw returning while significantly decreased by domestic sewage irrigation. The cumulative ammonia volatilization in the whole rice season under tap water irrigation and straw removal treatment was 58.29 kg·hm^-2, accounting for 24.29% of the total N applied. The N loss ratio of ammonia volatilization was significantly increased to 45.66% by wheat straw returning, while significantly decreased to 17.26% under straw removal and 32.72% under straw returning by domestic sewage irrigation. Significant positive interaction was observed between straw incorporation and domestic sewage irrigation on ammonia volatilization loss. The average N loss from ammonia volatilization during the tillering stage was the highest among the three fertilization stages, accounting for 7.38%-24.44% of the total N applied. In addition, ammonia volatilization fluxes showed a significant positive correlation with the flood water NH₄⁺-N concentration, irrespective of the irrigation water, but had no significant correlation with pH. These results indicated that straw returning increased ammonia volatilization losses, whereas domestic sewage irrigation could effectively reduce ammonia volatilization losses and simultaneously replace 44.41% of chemical nitrogen fertilizer by the N contained in the domestic sewage. The combination of domestic sewage irrigation and straw returning would be an ecological and environmental-friendly measure for rice nitrogen management in Taihu Lake region.