北京大气PM10中水溶性金属盐的在线观测与浓度特征研究

研究了北京大气可吸入气溶胶（PM10）中水溶性金属盐的变化特征，并对其来源进行了分析。钠盐、钾盐、镁盐、钙盐浓度的变化范围分别为：0.5～1.4μg/m3、0.5～2.5μg/m3、0.1～0.5μg/m3、0.6～5.8μg/m3，不同水溶性金属盐最高值和最低值出现季节不同。水溶性金属盐没有明显的采暖期和非采暖期的差异，说明冬季采暖不是它们的主要来源。海盐和土壤源是北京大气PM10中Na+的主要来源，K+的主要来源包括秸秆燃烧和生物质排放，土壤源是Mg2+和Ca2+的重要来源。水溶性金属盐的日变化规律不同。降水对Na+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+的清除分别为10％～70％、20％～80％、10％～77％、5％～80％。

On-line Analysis and Mass Concentration Characters of the Alkali Metal Ions of PM10 in Beijing

The mass concentration characters and the sources of water-soluble alkali metal ions in PM10 in 2004 and 2005 in Beijing were analyzed by using the system of rapid collection of particles. The result showed that the average concentration of Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ was 0.5-1.4, 0.5-2.5, 0.1-0.5 and 0.6-5.8 microg/m3, respectively. The highest and lowest concentration appeared in different seasons for the alkali metal ions, which was related to the quality and source. The concentration of alkali metal ions was no difference between the heating period and no heating period, which meant the heating was not the main source. Sea salt and soil were the important sources of Na+. The source of K+ came from biomass burning and vegetation. Soil was the large source of Mg2+ and Ca2+. The alkali metal ions appeared different daily variation in different seasons. Precipitation could decrease the concentration of Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+, which was 10%-70%, 20%-80%, 10%-77%, 5%-80% respectively.