近20年来广东省农业面源污染负荷时空变化与来源分析

广东省农业面源污染负荷产生量大，对区域生态环境造成严重影响.采用清单分析法分析了近20年(1999～2019年)广东省农业面源污染负荷时空变化特征，探讨了农业面源污染的来源情况，并分析了农业生产投入强度、农业面源污染负荷和农业面源污染指标的关系.结果表明，近20年广东省农业面源污染总负荷下降6.08%,其中化学需氧量(COD)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)的污染负荷增幅分别为-11.88%、 4.99%和26.17%,耕地化肥和农药投入强度分别上升112.19%和60.38%.珠三角地区是广东省农业面源污染负荷最高的地区，其次分别是粤北、粤西和粤东地区.畜禽养殖是COD的主要来源，化肥和畜禽养殖是TN的主要来源，畜禽养殖和水产养殖是TP的主要来源，且水产养殖污染物排放占比呈现出明显上升趋势.不同区域的污染物来源存在一定差异，粤西、粤北和粤东地区COD和TP主要来源是畜禽养殖，TN的主要来源是化肥；珠三角地区水产养殖业成为TN和TP污染负荷的主要来源.广东省面源污染负荷总量下降主要源于城镇化水平的提高和农村人口比例减少.总体而言，广东省面源污染存在时间阶段性变化与空间差异，应当采取全面治理...

Temporal and Spatial Variation Characteristics and Source Analysis of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Load in Guangdong During the Past 20 Years

The agricultural non-point source pollution (ANPSP) load in Guangdong province is very large and has a serious impact on the regional ecological environment. Inventory analysis was used to assess and analyze the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the ANPSP load of Guangdong province during 1999-2019, and the sources of ANPSP were discussed, as well as the relationship between them. The results showed that, during the past 20 years, the total ANPSP pollution loads of Guangdong province decreased by 6.08%, and the pollution loads of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) increased by -11.88%, 4.99%, and 26.17%, respectively. The input intensity of chemical fertilizers and pesticides increased by 112.19% and 60.38%, respectively. The Pearl River Delta had the highest ANPSP loads in Guangdong province, followed by those in northern, western, and eastern Guangdong. Livestock and poultry breeding were the main sources of COD, the total percent fertilizers and livestock and poultry breeding were the main sources of TN, and livestock and poultry breeding and aquaculture were the main sources of TP. In addition, the contribution of pollutants discharged from aquaculture showed an obvious increasing trend. There were certain differences in the pollution sources in different regions. In western Guangdong, northern Guangdong, and eastern Guangdong, livestock and poultry breeding were the main sources of COD and TP, and fertilizer was the main source of TN; by contrast in the Pearl River Delta, aquaculture had become the main source of TN and TP pollution loads. The correlation results showed that the decline in the total ANPSP in Guangdong province was mainly due to the increase in high urbanization rate and the decrease in the proportion of rural population. In general, there were stage changes in the time and differences in spatial characteristics and sources of ANPSP in Guangdong province. A combination of comprehensive treatment and targeted pollution treatment should be adopted, and fertilizer reduction measures and pollution treatment in the aquaculture should be strengthened in an all-around way, focusing on strengthening the treatment of pollution from aquaculture in the Pearl River Delta region and the treatment of rural life pollution in northern Guangdong.