北京市中心城区屋面径流污染特征及来源分析

以北京市中心城区屋面径流为研究对象，对2019年6～9月期间7场降雨事件中屋面径流及附近降雨水质情况开展监测，分析了屋面径流及降雨水质特征、径流初始冲刷效应、径流污染物浓度影响因素及其来源特征.结果表明，北京市中心城区屋面径流中总氮、氨氮、化学需氧量和悬浮物污染较为严重，降雨事件径流平均浓度(EMC)均超过《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)Ⅴ类标准限值悬浮物超过《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)二级排放标准];降雨水质相对较好，但氨氮和总氮也存在超标情况.屋面径流中各污染物初始冲刷强度以中等和微弱为主，由大到小排序依次为：氨氮>悬浮物>化学需氧量>总氮>汞>锌>总磷>铅.屋面径流中悬浮物、化学需氧量、总磷浓度水平与干燥期长度呈显著正相关，与降雨强度呈显著负相关.结合主成分分析结果可知，降雨中的主要污染物为交通运输来源的氮类污染物，屋面径流中的主要污染物则为屋面材料老化和金属雨落管锈蚀释放的悬浮物、有机物和磷类污染物.

Analysis of Pollution Characteristics and Sources of Rainfall Runoff from Roofs in the Central District of Beijing

The rainwater and rainfall runoff of roofs in the central district of Beijing from June to September in 2019 were sampled and analyzed to study the characteristics of the water quality, the first flush effect, and the main influential factors and sources of pollutants. The results showed that the roof runoff was seriously polluted by total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand, and total suspended solids whose event mean concentration (EMC) exceeded the fifth level of environmental quality standards for surface water (GB 3838-2002) (the EMC of suspended solids exceeded the second level of discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plants (GB 18918-2002)). The rainwater was relatively less polluted than the rainfall runoff, but the EMC of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen of the rainwater also exceeded the standard in some rainfall events. The first flush intensity of the rainfall runoffs was between weak and medium. The sequence of strength of the first flush of different pollutants was ammonia nitrogen>total suspended solids>chemical oxygen demand>total nitrogen>mercury>zinc>total phosphorus>lead. The concentration of total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, and total phosphorus in roof runoff were significantly positively correlated with the length of rainfall and the dry period and negatively correlated with the rainfall intensity. According to the results of principal component analysis, the main pollutant in rainwater was nitrogen emitted by vehicles, and the main pollutants in roof runoffs were suspended solids, organic matters, and phosphorus pollutants released from the aging of roofing materials and the corrosion of metal down pipes.