安徽省畜禽粪便污染耕地、水体现状及其风险评价

以安徽省耕地、水体的环境保护为出发点,依据2001～2009年安徽省畜禽养殖数据,采用排泄系数法估算畜禽粪便量,在此基础上计算安徽省各地畜禽粪便耕地污染负荷及水体等标污染负荷指数,并对各地区畜禽粪便对耕地和水环境的污染现状进行风险评价.结果表明,2008～2009年安徽省平均产生0.67亿t粪便,畜禽粪便耕地污染负荷及纯N、纯P耕地负荷量平均值分别为16.2 t.hm-2、83.8 kg.hm-2和34.5 kg.hm-2;耕地污染指数为0.36,处于Ⅰ级预警级别范围;水环境等标污染负荷指数为7.03,各地区畜禽粪便对耕地和水环境污染存在较大差异.2008～2009年与2001～2002年相比污染状况有不同程度下降,但其中P素污染比例有上升的趋势;2008～2009年畜禽粪便对耕地、水体造成双重污染的地区为合肥、宿州、蚌埠,这些地区的环境问题应引起注意.

Risk Assessment of the Farmland and Water Contamination with the Livestock Manure in Anhui Province

Basing on the data of livestock in 2001-2009 in Anhui province, the farmland pollution loading and water equal standard pollution loading of livestock manure were calculated utilizing the discharge rate of livestock manure. In addition, the risk assessment was evaluated on the livestock pollution in farmland and water bodies in this province. The industrial production of animal manure of this industry in 2008-2009 in Anhui amounted to 0.67 billion tons, and the averaged farmland loading of livestock manure, N, and P were 16.2 t x hm(-2), 83.8 kg x hm(-2), and 34.5 kg x hm(-2), respectively. The overall averaged risk constant of livestock manure loading in farmland was 0.36 (approximately risk level I). As to the water bodies, the averaged equal standard pollution loading was 7.03. However, significant differences were observed for the farmland and water contamination with livestock manure in different areas of Anhui, suggesting that some areas might receive much higher doses than the averaged amounts. The contamination weakened comparing with that in 2001-2002. But there was a trend of increase for P pollution. According to the information in 2008-2009, the farmland and water bodies in the areas of Hefei, Suzhou, and Bengbu still borne the livestock manure contamination. Results of this work provide some useful information for the water and farmland environmental protection in Huaihe river basin in Anhui province.