农作物残体制备的生物质炭对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附作用

将稻草、稻壳、大豆秸秆和花生秸秆低温热解制备生物质炭,用平衡吸附实验和淋溶实验研究了制备的生物质炭对阳离子染料亚甲基蓝的吸附及对水体中亚甲基蓝的去除效果.结果表明,生物质炭对亚甲基蓝有很高的吸附能力,但不同生物质炭之间存在较大差异,4种生物质炭吸附亚甲基蓝能力的大小顺序为:稻草炭>大豆秸秆炭>花生秸秆炭>稻壳炭,这一顺序与生物质炭表面负电荷数量和生物质炭比表面的大小顺序基本一致.但亚甲基蓝在生物质炭表面主要发生专性吸附,因为亚甲基蓝的吸附量随介质离子强度的增加而增加,而且亚甲基蓝吸附使生物质炭颗粒的Zeta电位向正值方向位移.Langmuir方程对吸附等温线的拟合效果较好,可以用Langmuir方程描述生物质炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附.由Langmuir方程预测的亚甲基蓝在稻草炭、大豆秸秆炭、花生秸秆炭和稻壳炭表面的最大吸附量分别为196.1、169.5、129.9和89.3 mmol.kg-1.淋溶实验表明,156 g稻壳炭可以将30 L水中亚甲基蓝浓度为0.3 mmol.L-1的染料几乎全部除去,累积吸附量达57.7 mmol.kg-1.生物质炭可以用作高效吸附剂去除染料废水中的亚甲基蓝.

Adsorption of Methylene Blue from Water by the Biochars Generated from Crop Residues

Biochars were prepared from straws of rice, peanut and soybean and rice hull using a low temperature pyrolysis method and adsorption of methylene blue by these biochars were investigated with batch and leaching experiments. Results indicated that biochars have high adsorption capacity for methylene blue and followed the order: rice straw char>soybean straw char>peanut straw char>rice hull char. This order is generally consistent with the amount of negative charge and specific surface area of these biochars. While methylene blue was mainly adsorbed specifically by the biochars, because the adsorption of methylene blue increased with the increase of ionic strength and the adsorption led to the shift of zeta potential of biochar particles to positive value direction. Langmuir equation fitted the adsorption isotherms well and can be used to describe the adsorption behaviors of methylene blue by the biochars. The maximum adsorption capacity of methylene blue predicted by langmuir equation was 196.1, 169.5, 129.9 and 89.3 mmol·kg^-1 for rice straw char, soybean straw char, peanut straw char and rice hull char, respectively. Leaching experiments show that rice hull char of 156 g can remove methylene blue from 30 L water containing 0.3 mmol·L^-1 of methylene blue completely and the cumulative amount of methylene blue absorbed by the biochar reaches 57.7 mmol·kg^-1. The biochars can be used as efficient adsorbents to remove methylene blue from waste water of dye.