基于流域单元的营养盐输出与景观异质性影响研究

选择太湖上游西苕溪流域,利用GIS、RS及景观生态方法进行小流域划分和流域景观异质性分析,基于改进的输出系数模型估算小流域营养盐输出,并对流域单元主要景观类型空间异质性及多样性指数与营养盐输出的关系进行了分析.结果表明,西苕溪各小流域TN、TP输出强度变化范围分别为3.01～15.44 kg/(hm2.a)与0.049～0.355 kg/(hm2.a),营养盐输出水平空间差异性明显;小流域单元优势景观类型与营养盐输出关系明显,小流域林地面积增加10%,TN、TP输出强度分别降低0.203 1、0.015 2 kg/(hm2.a);小流域耕地面积增加10%,TN、TP输出强度分别增加0.572 6、0.027 3 kg/(hm2.a);西苕溪小流域景观多样性指数与氮磷输出水平关系呈二次多项式关系,营养盐输出强度随着SHDI增大而增大,当SHDI为1.5时,输出强度达到最大值,然后随着SHDI增大而降低.研究结果将为流域非点源污染治理提供参考.

Impacts on Nutrient Export by Landscape Heterogeneity Based on Sub-watershed

Landscape features of a watershed are important factors affecting non-point source (NPS) pollution. Sub-watershed bounds were delineated and landscape heterogeneity was analyzed based on GIS and RS in Xitiaoxi watershed which located the upper reach of Taihu Lake area. Nutrient export intensity of sub-watersheds was estimated by revised export coefficient model. Then the relationships between nutrient export and main landscape types, as well as Shannon diversity index (SHDI) in sub-watershed units were analyzed. Results show, TN and TP export intensity have obvious spatial difference, which changed from 3.01 kg/(hm²·a) to 15.44 kg/(hm²·a) and 0.049 kg/(hm²·a) to 0.355 kg/(hm²·a) respectively. The dominated landscape types including cultivated land and forest land quantitatively related with nutrient export intensity. TN and TP export intensity will decrease 0.2031 kg/(hm²·a) and 0.0152 kg/(hm²·a) respectively with 10% increased of forest area, and will increase 0.5726 kg/(hm²·a) and 0.0273 kg/(hm²·a) with 10% increased of cultivated land area. The relationship between nutrient export intensity and SHDI exhibited second-degree polynomial, export intensity increased by SHDI increasing and to maximum when SHDI equals 1.5, then decreased with SHDI increasing. This research results will provide an important reference value for NPS management.