中国非燃煤大气汞排放量估算

本研究根据各种非燃煤大气汞排放源的活动水平和排放因子,估算了1995～2003年中国分省非燃煤大气汞的排放量。2003年中国非燃煤大气汞排放量为393t,比燃煤汞排放多137t。在非燃煤大气汞排放中,84%来自有色金属冶炼,其中锌冶炼、铅冶炼、铜冶炼和黄金冶炼分别占总排放的51%、18%、4%和11%。Hg0、Hg2+和HgP在中国非燃煤大气汞排放中所占比例分别为77%、18%和5%。中国非燃煤汞排放在各地区间有较大差异,排放量超过30t?a-1的省区包括湖南、河南和云南,排放强度超过1t?km-2的省区包括上海、湖南、河南、辽宁和广东,这些地区的主要汞排放源为有色金属冶炼和生活垃圾焚烧。1995～2003年中国非燃煤大气汞排放的年均增长率为9%,其中生活垃圾焚烧排放的年均增长率最高,达到42%。

Estimate the Mercury Emissions from Non-coal Sources in China

Based on the activity level and emission factors, we estimated the provincial mercury emissions from non-coal sources during the period of 1995 -2003 in China. In the year of 2003, non-coal mercury emissions in China reached 393 tonnes, which was 137 tonnes more than the emissions from coal combustion. Approximately 84 % of the non-coal mercury emissions came from nonferrous metals smelting. The zinc production, lead production, copper production and gold production contributed respectively 51%, 18%, 4% and 11% of total non-coal mercury emissions. The shares of elemental mercury (Hg0), oxidized mercury (Hg2+ ) and particulate mercury (HgP) were 77 % , 18 % and 5 % , respectively. The mercury emissions from non-coal sources in provinces including Hunan, Henan and Yunnan exceeded 30 t x a(-1). The emission intensity of Shanghai, Hunan, Henan and Liaoning exceeded 100 g x (km(2)xa)(-1). Main emission sources in these provinces are nonferrous metals smelting and household waste burning. Mercury emissions from non-coal sources in China increased averagely 9 percent from 1995 to 2003, and the household waste burning increased extremely fast, with an average increase rate of 42 percent.