餐厨垃圾生物发酵液对黄土丘陵区土壤质量的影响试验

黄土广泛分布于我国西北地区，因气候干旱和暴雨侵蚀等因素，土壤养分贫瘠、微生物量稀缺且盐碱化严重，限制了土壤生态承载力，是区域土地荒漠化主要成因之一.餐厨垃圾发酵产生的生物发酵液含有大量的有机酸和氮、磷等营养元素，并且可工业化生产和配施，有望成为一种针对黄土特性的土壤调理剂.以我国黄土高原代表性的甘肃兰州地区黄土为研究对象，采集不同发酵液配施后的黄土进行理化性质和微生物分析，发现施用发酵液后，黄土中全氮、有效磷、速效钾和有机质含量分别提升363%、577%、308%和204%；结合白茎盐生草和苜蓿等植被种植后，土壤综合肥力进一步提升，土壤全盐含量年均分别下降2.3 g·kg^-1和1.2 g·kg^-1；黄土的结构得到改善；发酵液能够促进部分微生物生长，细菌和古菌生物量提升了22倍，真菌生物量提升了8.3倍，有利于进一步形成植物-微生物共生体系.餐厨垃圾生物发酵液结合耐盐碱植物种植，能够有效提升黄土地区生态环境质量.

Experimental Influence of Food Waste Fermentation Broth on the Soil Quality in a Loess Hilly Area

Loess is widely distributed in northwestern China. Due to the arid climate and rainstorm erosion, lack of nutrients and microorganisms, as well as severe salinization limits the ecosystem carrying capacity of loess soil, which has become one of the major causes of regional land desertification. The fermentation broth derived from food waste usually contains substantial organic acids and nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, and it has the advantages of being easily produced industrially and applied as fertilizer. Hence, this broth has the potential to become a soil amendment for loess soils. This work studied the Lanzhou loess, which is a typical soil of the Loess Plateau of China, fertilized with fermentation broth for the evaluation of physicochemical properties and microbial analyses. After the application of the broth amendment, the total nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium, and organic matter content increased by 363%, 577%, 308%, and 204%, respectively. After planting grass, including Halogeton arachnoideus Moq. and Medicago sativa L., the comprehensive soil fertility level was further improved and the total salt content of the soil was decreased by 2.3 g·kg^-1 and 1.2 g·kg^-1, respectively. Meanwhile, the fermentation broth promoted the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea, which increased by 22 times, and fungi by 8.3 times. Therefore, food waste fermentation broth is conducive to further forming plant-microorganisms symbiosis, improving the ecological environment quality of loess soils.