中国西南地区金属矿开采对矿区土壤重金属影响的Meta分析

金属矿开采是土壤重金属的最主要来源之一.以往针对单个或少数几个金属矿区的研究尚不足以有效支撑大尺度特别是跨省域尺度内矿区土壤重金属污染的治理.本研究针对我国金属矿产资源丰富的西南地区（云南省、四川省、贵州省、重庆市和西藏自治区），搜集了有关金属矿开采对土壤重金属影响的文献，采用Meta分析量化了不同情景模式（即不同子区域、矿种和土地利用类型）下金属矿开采对周边土壤As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn的影响，最后利用失安全系数与漏斗图检验了研究数据的发表性偏倚.结果表明，我国西南地区金属矿开采整体上显著增加了表层土壤中重金属含量［ES₊（weight effect size）=1.53］，重金属增加量由高到低顺序为：Cd （4109.80%）>Pb （741.49%）>Hg （452.90%）>Zn （420.70%）>As （278.10%）>Cu （138.69%）>Ni （16.18%），Cr无显著影响；四川和云南采矿对土壤Cd （ES_+四川=4.16；ES_+云南=3.20）和Pb （ES_+四川=3.47；ES_+云南=2.54）的影响较高，贵州采矿对土壤Hg （ES₊=2.80）的影响最高；金属矿开采对耕地土壤（ES₊=1.42）的影响较高；铅锌矿和锡矿开采显著增加了土壤中Cd、Pb和Zn的含量，铜矿开采显著增加了土壤Cu、Cd和Pb的含量；以上重金属中，Pb和Zn的研究结果受发表性偏倚的影响（P<0.05）.本研究结果可为西南金属矿区土壤环境保护提供更多的有效信息.

Meta-analysis of the Effects of Metal Mining on Soil Heavy Metal Concentrations in Southwest China

Metal mining is one of the main contributors of soil heavy metals. Previous studies examining the impact of metal mining on surrounding soil have mainly focused on one or a few metal mining areas. However, such studies cannot effectively inform the management of heavy metal pollution in soil at an inter-provincial scale. As part of this study, literature was collected on soil heavy metals (i.e., As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) affected by metal mining in regions of Southwest China (i.e., Yunnan Province, Sichuan Province, Guizhou Province, Chongqing Municipality, and Tibet Autonomous Region); Next, the impact of metal mining on the soil concentrations of these metals was quantified through meta-analysis, and the relationships between the selected factors (i.e., different sub-regions, metal minerals, and land-use types) and soil heavy metal concentrations were explored. Finally, the literature data was tested for publication bias. The results showed that metal mining in Southwest China has significantly increased the concentrations of heavy metals in topsoil. The different metals were ranked according to their weight effect sizes (ES₊) in the following order Cd > Pb > Hg > Zn > As > Cu > Ni > Cr. Metal mining in both Sichuan and Yunnan led to higher effect sizes of soil Cd (ES_+Sichuan=4.16, ES_+Yunnan=3.20) and Pb (ES_+Sichuan=3.47, ES_+Yunnan=2.54) than those of the other heavy metals, while metal mining in Guizhou led to a higher effect size of soil Hg (ES₊=2.80). The effect size of metal mining on soil heavy metals was higher in cultivated soil (ES₊=1.42) than in forested soil (ES₊=0.50). The mining of lead-zinc and tin significantly increased the concentrations of soil Cd, Pb, and Zn, and the mining of copper significantly increased the concentrations of soil Cu, Cd, and Pb. Of the investigated soil heavy metals in Southwest China, Pb and Zn showed slight potential publication biases (P<0.05). The above results can provide more effective information for the environmental protection of soil in metal mining areas of Southwest China.