全氟化合物对表层沉积物中细菌群落结构的影响

选择集中分布氟化工相关企业的山东省小清河水系,自上游至莱州湾入海口采集10个表层沉积物样点(XQ1~XQ10),采用高效液相色谱/质谱联用(HPLC/MS-MS)监测全氟化合物(perfluoroalkyl substances,PFASs),分析影响细菌群落结构的基础环境因子,提取细菌DNA并运用第二代Illumina Mi Seq测序技术分析其细菌群落结构.结果表明,在小清河流域沉积物中12种PFASs均有不同程度检出,并以全氟辛酸(PFOA)为主,生产企业集中区下游样点XQ5的PFOA浓度在4、7月分别高达456.2 ng·g-1和748.7 ng·g-1.PFOA是小清河4月影响微生物群落结构的关键因子,与群落丰富度和均匀度呈显著负相关;硫杆菌属(Thiobacillus)在低浓度PFOA条件下数量较少,但在高浓度PFOA下数量较高且成为优势菌种,初步证明硫杆菌属是PFOA污染响应的敏感物种,有作为指示微生物的潜质;PFOA在浓度较低时(100 ng·g-1)对微生物群落结构的影响不显著.

Effects of Perfluoroalkyl Substances on the Microbial Community Structure in Surface Sediments of Typical River, China

In order to reveal the relationship between Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) contamination and the bacterial community composition, surface sediment samples were collected along the Xiaoqing River in Shandong Province in April and July 2014 (XQ1-XQ10), where many PFASs manufacturers were located. PFASs were quantified by HPLC/MS-MS, related environmental factors affecting the microbial community structure were measured, and the microbial community structure in surface sediments was measured by the second-generation sequencing technology Illumina MiSeq. The results not only revealed the degree of PFASs pollution in the sediments of Xiaoqing River, but also illustrated the relationship between PFASs pollution and the microbial community structure. Among the twelve kinds of PFASs detected in this study, PFOA was the predominant compound, and the highest PFOA concentrations were detected in the sample of XQ5 (April: 456.2 ng ·g^-1; July: 748.7 ng ·g^-1) located at the downstream of Xiaoqing River with many fluoropolymer producing facilities. PFOA contamination was the main factor affecting the microbial community structure in April, accordingly community richness and evenness were significantly negatively correlated with PFOA levels. The abundance of Thiobacillus increased with the increasing PFOA concentration in the sediment PFOA. This suggested that Thiobacillus was sensitive to PFOA pollution and might be the potential indicator to reveal the degree of PFOA pollution in sediment. When the concentrations of PFOA were below 100 ng ·g^-1, no significant effects on the microbial community structure were observed.