生物滞留设施对城市地表径流低浓度磷吸附基质研究

城市地表径流是淡水水体磷的重要来源之一.国际上生物滞留设施被广泛应用于城市地表径流污染的控制,其中基质组成是影响生物滞留设施除磷效果的主要因素.本研究探讨了紫色土与河砂混合作为生物滞留设施基质吸附去除城市地表径流低浓度磷的可行性.结果表明:山地城市重庆不透水地表(包括居住区道路、商业区道路、停车场以及交通干道)径流TP浓度变化范围为0.04~7.00 mg·L-1,均值为(0.75±1.08)mg·L-1;TDP浓度变化范围为0.02~0.46 mg·L-1,均值为(0.15±0.10)mg·L-1.根据重庆降雨特征与不透水地表径流磷污染特征,生物滞留设施规模为10%不透水面积,预期服务时间10a,基质对城市地表径流P的预期吸附量需达到7.5 mg·kg-1.中、酸性紫色土草酸浸提态Fe、Al含量影响P吸附能力,紫色土P吸附能力与草酸浸提态Fe和Al含量与磷含量之比(OR)呈显著正相关,20%紫色土与80%河砂混合基质可以满足重庆生物滞留设施基质对城市地表径流P的预期吸附量要求.20%紫色土与80%河砂混合基质(厚度60 cm)对P浓度0.30mg·L-1的进水长期模拟运行,出水P浓度均低于0.05 mg·L-1.利用紫色土和河砂混合基质吸附去除水文过程与水质变化情况下的城市地表径流低浓度P是可行的.

Bioretention Media Screening for the Removal of Phosphorus in Urban Stormwater

Urban runoff is an increasingly important source of excess phosphorus (P) to local receiving waters. Bioretention, a promising technology for urban stormwater pollution treatment, was investigated to determine whether the mixture of purple soil and sand could adsorb sufficient P at low concentrations in urban stormwater. The TP concentrations of urban runoff from variously impervious areas in Chongqing City ranged from 0.04 to 7.00 mg ·L^-1 (mean±S.D.=0.75 mg ·L^-1±1.08 mg ·L^-1); the TDP concentrations ranged from 0.02-0.46 mg ·L^-1 (mean±S.D.=0.15 mg ·L^-1±0.10 mg ·L^-1). The media adsorption benchmark was determined for a bioretention facility sized at 10% of the 100% impervious catchment area and having 10 years of capacity according to annual rainfall pattern and the runoff TDP range. The media benchmark for adsorption was calculated as 7.5 mg ·kg^-1 at soluble P concentration of 0.30 mg ·L^-1 which provided the necessary stormwater treatment. The oxalate-extractable aluminum and iron content influenced the P sorption capacity for neutral and acid purple soils. A strong positive linear relationship was observed between the oxalate ratio OR=(Al_OX+Fe_OX)/P_OX] and media P sorption capacity. The media mixture of 20% purple soil and 80% sand showed excellent P removal, meeting the developed benchmark for adsorptive behavior. The media mixture in a large-scale (60 cm) column consistently produced soluble reactive phosphorus effluent event with mean concentrations<0.05 mg ·L^-1. The media mixture of purple soil and sand can be used as a bioretention media to treat low-concentration phosphorus in urban runoff under various hydrologic and pollutant concentration conditions.