黄土高原沟壑区小流域土壤有机碳与环境因素的关系

研究不同环境要素共同作用下的土壤有机碳分布特征及其与环境因素的关系对于全面准确评估黄土高原地区土壤有机碳状况和土壤碳循环具有重要意义.结合野外调查和室内分析,研究了黄土高原沟壑区典型小流域土壤不同组分有机碳分布特征及其与地形条件、土地利用方式和土壤类型之间的关系.结果表明,黄土沟壑区小流域土壤总有机碳变异较小(变异系数为34%),高活性有机碳变异较大(变异系数为43%),有机碳的变异性随其活性的增强而增大.各组分有机碳之间极显著正相关,而且在不同环境条件下的含量顺序一致.各组分有机碳在不同地形条件下以塬面土壤最高,沟道土壤最低:在不同土地利用方式下以林地和农田土壤较高,草地土壤较低;在不同土壤类型中则以黑垆土最高,红土最低.不同环境条件下各组分有机碳之间的关系分析表明,环境条件不但直接影响有机碳的分布,还通过影响有机碳不同组分之间的关系来改变其分布特征.研究区总有机碳与活性有机碳之问的关系受环境条件影响最大,中活性与高活性有机碳之间的关系受环境条件影响最小.

Relationships Between Soil Organic Carbon and Environmental Factors in Gully Watershed of the Loess Plateau

Understanding the distribution of organic carbon fractions in soils and their relationships with environmental factors are very important for appraising soil organic carbon status and assessing carbon cycling in the Loess Plateau. In this research, through field investigation and laboratory analysis, we studied the relationships between soil organic carbon and environmental factors in a gully watershed of the Loess Plateau. The environmental factors are landforms, land use conditions and soil types. The results showed that total soil organic carbon presented less variance, while high labile organic carbon presented greater variance. The variation coefficients of them are 34% and 43%, respectively, indicating that the variability of organic carbon in soils increased with the increasing of their activities. Total soil organic carbon, labile organic carbon, middle and high labile organic carbon were highly interrelated and presented similar distribution trend with environmental factors. Among different landforms, land uses, and soil types, the highest contents of organic carbon in different fractions were observed in plateau land, forest and farm lands, and black loessial soils, while the lowest contents of them were observed in gully bottom, grass land, and rubified soils, respectively. The relationships between organic carbon and environmental factors indicate that environmental factors not only directly influence the distribution of soil organic carbon, but also indirectly influence them through affecting the relationships among organic carbon fractions. The relationship between total organic carbon and labile organic carbon responses rapidly to environmental factors, while that between middle labile organic carbon and high labile organic carbon responses slowly to environmental factors.