利用SPAMS研究南宁市四季细颗粒物的化学成分及污染来源

为研究南宁市四季大气颗粒物的化学成分及污染来源,利用单颗粒气溶胶质谱仪(single particle aerosol mass spectrometer,SPAMS)对南宁市2015年四季大气细颗粒物进行观测.SPAMS所测得4个观测阶段大气细颗粒物数浓度与细颗粒物质量浓度线性相关系数均在0.75以上,在一定程度上颗粒物数浓度可反映大气污染状况.南宁市四季大气细颗粒物平均质谱图体现出冬、春两季二次反应生成的污染物质较多.利用自适应共振神经网络分类方法对细颗粒物化学成分进行分类,南宁市细颗粒物各化学成分数浓度占比和污染来源在四季均有差异,且化学成分能体现污染来源.冬季元素碳最高,对应较高的燃煤源;秋季有机碳最高,对应较高的机动车尾气源;夏季富钾颗粒、左旋葡聚糖和矿物质较高,对应较高的生物质燃烧源和扬尘源;春季富钠颗粒和重金属略高.在污染升高过程,生物质燃烧源和燃煤源等贡献较大.

Analysis of Chemical Composition and Pollution Source of the Fine Particulate Matter by the SPAMS in the Four Seasons in Nanning

To study the chemical composition and pollution sources of the fine particulate matter during the four seasons in Nanning, single particle aerosol mass spectrometry was performed to characterize the fine particulate matter in Nanning during the four seasons. The correlation (R²) between the fine particulate matter number concentration and the mass concentration of the fine particulate matter obtained using SPAMS was all above 0.75 in the observation period. The particle number concentration could reflect the atmospheric pollution situation to some degree. The average mass spectrogram of the fine particulate matter reflected that secondary pollutants were more in winter and spring in Nanning. The Art-2a classification method was used to classify the chemical composition of the fine particulate matter. The results showed that the number concentration of the chemical composition and sources of pollution had differences in the four seasons. Chemical composition could reflect pollution sources. The elevated elemental carbon was positively with increasing coal combustion in winter. The elevated organic carbon was positively correlated with motor vehicle source in autumn. Rich potassium particles, levoglucosan and substance were positively correlated with biomass burning source and dust in summer. The rich sodium particles and heavy metals were higher in spring. During the process of increasing pollution, the contributions of biomass and coal combustion sources were large.