气候变暖对四川盆地水稻土有机碳含量变化的影响

气候变暖会提高土壤温度从而导致土壤碳释放，但也可以通过提高初级生产力增加土壤有机碳.农田土壤被认为具有巨大的固碳潜力，然而大区域尺度上气候变暖如何影响农田土壤有机碳变化尚缺少直接观测.水稻土是我国重要的耕作土壤之一，基于1980～1985年全国第二次土壤普查获得的2 217个样点数据和2017～2019年2 382个实地采样数据，分析了四川盆地水稻土表层土壤有机碳含量的变化特征，并探究了水稻土有机碳含量变化与气温、降雨量、农田利用方式、施肥强度和粮食产量的关系.结果表明，近40年间四川盆地水稻土表层有机碳含量从13.33 g·kg^-1上升到15.96 g·kg^-1,增长了2.63 g·kg^-1,呈“碳汇”效应；不同地貌区和不同二级流域水稻土有机碳含量变化幅度不同.水稻土有机碳含量增加量与年均气温呈正相关关系，与年均降雨量呈负相关关系，与年均施肥量及其增长速率、年均粮食产量及增长率则均呈先增加后降低的抛物线关系.不同农田利用方式下水稻土有机碳含量增加量与年均气温增长率关系不同，年均气温增长率的增加仅在水旱轮作下对有机碳增长...

Impact of Climate Warming on Paddy Soil Organic Carbon Change in the Sichuan Basin of China

Climate warming can increase soil temperature and lead to soil carbon release, but it can also increase soil organic carbon by increasing primary productivity. Cropland soils are considered to have a huge potential to sequester carbon; however, direct observations for the responses of cropland soil organic carbon to climate warming over broad geographic scales are rarely documented. Paddy soil is one of the important cultivated soils in China. Based on the data of 2217 sampling points obtained during the second national soil survey and the data of 2382 sampling points collected during 2017-2019, this study analyzed the change characteristics of soil organic carbon content of paddy surface soil in Sichuan Basin of China and explored the relationships between the soil organic carbon change of paddy soil and temperature, precipitation, cropland use type, fertilization intensity, and grain yield. The results showed that the content of soil organic carbon of paddy soil changed from 13.33 g·kg^-1to 15.96 g·kg^-1, with an increase of 2.63 g·kg^-1, suggesting that soils in the Sichuan Basin have acted as a carbon sink over past 40 years. The soil organic carbon increment of paddy soil varied with different geomorphic regions and different secondary basins. The increase in SOC content in paddy soil was positively correlated with annual average temperature; negatively correlated with annual average precipitation; and initially increased and then decreased with annual average fertilizer application, annual average increase rate of fertilizer application, annual average grain yield, and annual average grain yield growth rate. The relationship between the increase in SOC content and the annual average temperature growth rate was different under different farmland utilizations, and the increase in the annual average temperature growth rate had significant effects with the increase in SOC content only on paddy-dryland rotation. These results indicate that the paddy soil organic carbon change in Sichuan Basin was co-affected by various factors, but climate warming was an important factor leading to the paddy soil organic carbon change, and its influence was controlled by the water conditions determined by farmland use.