滹沱河流域山区地表水-地下水水化学空间变化特征、影响因素及其来源

滹沱河流域山区作为华北平原地下水的补给源区,其径流量逐渐减少对华北平原地下水可持续利用提出了巨大的挑战.深入研究滹沱河上游山区地表水-地下水水文地球化学过程及其控制因素,可为全面认识区域水资源状况及水资源可持续利用提供参考.基于同位素、水文地球化学和数理统计方法,分析区域河水、井水和泉水来源、水化学空间变化特征、影响因素及离子来源.结果表明,滹沱河上游山区流域河水、井水和泉水均受大气降水补给,且受自然因素和人为因素的共同影响,其水化学特征现出较大的空间差异.整体来看干流河水水化学类型相对集中,受采矿影响较大支流汇入的河段(上游和下游),河水水化学类型主要为Ca·Mg-SO₄·HCO₃;受自然植被影响的支流汇入的河段(清水河和龙华河之间),河水水化学类型为Ca·Mg-HCO₃·SO₄.此外,各支流河水水化学类型也存在较大差异.上游峪口河和峨河支流主要水化学类型与干流一致为Ca·Mg-SO₄·HCO₃;中游牧马河和清水河支流主要水化学类型均为Ca-HCO

Spatial Variation Characteristics, Influencing Factors, and Sources of Hydrogeochemical of Surface Water and Groundwater in Mountainous Area of Hutuo River

Surface runoff has dropped sharply in the mountainous area of the Hutuo River, posing a huge challenge to the sustainable use of groundwater in the North China Plain (NCP). The Taihang Mountain area is the main recharge source area of groundwater in the NCP. An in-depth study of spatial variation characteristics, influencing factors, and sources of hydrogeochemical characteristics of surface water and groundwater in the mountainous area of the Hutuo River can facilitate a comprehensive understanding of regional water resource status and sustainable utilization of water resources. Based on isotopic, hydrogeochemical, and mathematical statistics methods, this study analyzed spatial variation of hydrochemical characteristics in surface water and groundwater and its sources and main controlling factors. The results showed that the river water, well water, and spring water were all recharged by atmospheric precipitation in the mountainous areas of the Hutuo River. Under the combined influence of natural factors and human factors, the hydrogeochemical characteristics of river, well, and spring water showed large spatial differences. On the whole, the hydrochemical types of mainstreams were relatively concentrated. In the upper and lower mining reach areas, the mainstream water chemical type was dominated by Ca·Mg-SO₄·HCO₃, whereas that in the natural vegetation area (middle reach:between Qingshui River and Longhua River) was dominated by Ca·Mg-HCO₃·SO₄. In the upper stream, the main hydrochemical type of the Yukou River and Ehe River tributaries was Ca·Mg-SO₄·HCO₃, which was consistent with that of the main stream. The main hydrochemical types of the Muma River and Qingshui River tributaries were Ca-HCO₃, Ca·Mg-HCO₃, and Ca·Mg-HCO₃·SO₄ in the midstream. The main hydrochemical types of the Mianhe River and Yehe River tributaries were Ca-SO₄, Ca·Mg-SO₄, and Ca·Mg-SO₄·HCO₃. Mineral dissolution was still the main controlling factor for the hydrochemical characteristics of surface water and groundwater in the mountainous area of the Hutuo River. The contribution rates were 69.86% and 18.84% for mineral dissolution and human activities, respectively. Therefore, in the future, water resource utilization in the upper reaches of the Hutuo River should not only consider the issue of water quantity but also a series of water environment problems such as nitrate pollution and mining pollution caused by human activities.