石羊河流域生态环境的变迁与水资源利用对策

本文对石羊河流域水资源开发利用中存在的问题提出新观点,认为:①人们以往只注意强化地表水控制,削弱了天然地下水库的调节作用;②只注意农田用水,忽视了绿洲生态用水;⑧目前采用的落后灌溉方式造成水资源的严重浪费。针对这些问题,本文提出石羊河流域水资源管理综合决策方案,建立多目标管理决策模型,把该流域划分为16个管理亚区,以绿洲农田生态系统和植被生态系统的需水量为决策变量,对经济发展、开发水资源投资、生态环填改善等方面的9个目标作综合考虑。通过模型的模拟运转,展示了该流域生态环境日趋恶化的状况可以得到有效的控制。

Changes of Ecological Environment in the Shiyanghe River Basin and Measures Proposed for Rational Utilization of Water Resources

The authors present a new viewpoint that deterioration of ecological environment in the arid region the Shiyanghe River basin of northwest China, has originated from three causes:(1) people put undue emphasis on surface water controlling, and neglected the regulative function of natural ground water reservior; (2) water for farmland use was stressed but water for oasis use was neglected; (3) the backward way of irri-gation leads so far to serious waste of water resources. In order to solve the problem, a proposed multi-goal decision-making model has been built for managing rational use of water resources in the Shiyanghe River basin. In this model,as the basin is divided into 16 sub-districts, the quantity of water for both oasis-farmland ecosvstem and vegetation eco-systemn necessities is considered as a main variable, andintegrates with economic development, the investment of waterresource development, amelioration of ecological environment etc 9 goals to be regarded. The result of the model operation shaws that deterioration of ecological environment in the basin will be in effective control.