Trapp模型在典型区PCBs蔬菜吸收及人体健康风险评估中的应用

对某电子垃圾拆解地大气、土壤、蔬菜进行采样,分析其中PCBs的含量;根据获得的大气中气态及土壤中PCBs的含量,应用Trapp作物吸收模型对该地区叶菜类蔬菜中PCBs的含量进行模拟预测;根据模型机制,分析了叶菜类蔬菜中PCBs的来源、构成及影响蔬菜对PCBs吸收的因素;利用美国EPA人体健康风险评估方法,分析了环境中PCBs被蔬菜吸收后经食物链对人体健康的影响.结果表明,Trapp作物模型可较好地依据土壤及大气中PCBs含量预测叶菜类蔬菜中PCBs含量,实测值与预测值相近,蔬菜中7种PCBs总和实测值为51.2μg.kg-1,模型预测值为39.9μg.kg-1;大气中气态PCBs是叶菜类蔬菜中PCBs的主要来源,模型预测表明其贡献率高达98.8%;蔬菜吸收PCBs的途径、辛醇-水分配系数(Kow)及辛醇-大气分配系数(Koa)影响蔬菜中PCBs含量及构成比例;蔬菜吸收PCBs达到平衡所需时间与lgKow、lgKoa有很好的乘幂相关性,多元线性回归表明lgKoa是更重要的影响因素.大气气态PCBs被蔬菜吸收后对人体健康的致癌风险是气态PCBs的10 000多倍,非致癌风险则增加了近200倍,原因主要在于:一是蔬菜吸收、积累了空气中毒性更高的高氯代PCBs,经口摄入PCBs的毒性因子极大增加;二是成人每天食用蔬菜摄入PCBs的量相当于正常情况下成人通过呼吸空气摄入PCBs量的71倍多.

Prediction of PCBs Uptake by Vegetable in a Representative Area and Evaluation of the Human Health Risk by Trapp Model

Air, soil and vegetable samples were collected from an e-waste disassembly site and analyzed for characteristic contaminants PCBs. Based on the measured PCBs concentrations in soil and air, PCBs concentration in leafy vegetables was predicted by Trapp Model and the sources, composition of PCBs in vegetable and influencing factors were analyzed. By using human health risk assessment model of USEPA, risk to human health from consumption of vegetable that take up PCBs from environment was evaluated. The results showed that the Trapp Model could give good prediction of PCBs concentrations in leafy vegetables based on PCBs concentration in the soil and air. For instance, the measured sum of seven PCBs in vegetable was 51.2 microg x kg(-1) and the predicted value was 39.9 microg x kg(-1). So the predicted value agrees well with the measured value. The gaseous PCBs were the main source of PCBs in leafy vegetables, and the model predicting results indicated that the contribution rate was as high as 98.8%. The uptake pathway, n-octanol/water partition coefficient (K(ow)) and the n-octanol/air partition coefficient (K(oa)) of PCBs determine the concentration and composition of PCBs in vegetables. The duration needed for PCBs uptake to reach equilibrium was in good correlation with lgK(ow) and lgK(oa). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that lgK(oa) was more important. Carcinogenic risk from consumption of PCBs contaminated vegetables was 10 000 times higher than that of gaseous PCBs, and the no-carcinogenic risk was increased by approximately 200 times. The main reasons are firstly the vegetables take up and accumulate more toxic PCBs with high-chloride substitutes and consequently the oral toxic factors of PCBs increase dramatically. Secondly, an adult takes 71 times more PCBs via consumption of vegetables than via inhalation of air.