抗生素类药物对土壤微生物呼吸的影响

为评价抗生素类药物对土壤生态环境的影响，通过室内直接吸收法测定了磺胺、四环素、大环内酯类等几类抗生素对水稻土土壤微生物呼吸的影响.结果表明，磺胺甲嘧啶、磺胺甲唑、氯四环素、四环素、泰乐菌素、甲氧苄啶对土壤呼吸的最大抑制率分别为34.33％、 34.43％、 2.71％、 3.08％、 7.13％、 38.08％，以磺胺甲唑和甲氧苄啶对土壤呼吸影响最大.在试验早期(0～2 d)，磺胺甲嘧啶、磺胺甲唑和甲氧苄啶的≥10 mg·kg^-1处理显著抑制土壤呼吸.同一种抗生素随着浓度的增加对土壤呼吸的影响不同，磺胺甲唑与甲氧苄啶对土壤呼吸的影响表现出很好的剂量依赖效应.参考农药的安全性评价标准，可以认为试验中各抗生素属于低毒或无实际危害的药物.

Effects of Antimicrobial Drugs on Soil Microbial Respiration

The effects on soil microbial respiration of sulfonamides, tetracyclines, macrolides and so on were studied using the direct absorption method. The results show sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, chlortetracycline, tetracycline, tylosin and trimethoprim inhibit soil respiration 34.33%, 34.43%, 2.71%, 3.08%, 7.13%, 38.08% respectively. Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim have the highest inhibition rates among all the antibiotics. In early incubation period (0-2 d), the concentrations above 10 mg·kg-1 of sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim remarkably decrease soil CO2 emission. The effects of these antibiotics vary with their concentrations too. Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim show good dose-response relationships. According to the standard of pesticide safety evaluation protocol,the six antibiotics pose a little risk to soil microbial environment.