ERIC-PCR图谱分析生物栅填料生物膜微生物群落结构

采用以填料生物膜和水生植物为主体,以微生物、浮游植物、水生动物为要素的生物栅集成装置,处理上海市某一富营养化水体,实验采用6m³/d的中试规模,7个廊道并联运行,连续进出水.测试进出水的理化指标,并采用ERIC-PCR指纹图谱技术对生物栅填料生物膜微生物进行分析.结果显示,生物栅技术对富营养化水体的污染物降解效果显著,稳定运行后,采用设置生物栅的2～7号净化池的COD、总氮、氨氮、总磷的去除率较对照池分别提高了20.7%～48.5%、20.1%～49.7%、39.8%～66.2%和60.0%～73.9%.水生植物有利于水体氮、磷的吸收和去除,设置水生植物的2号、5号、6号净化池对总氮去除率较未设置水生植物的3号、4号和7号净化池分别提高了30.1%、24.9%、17.6%,总磷的去除率也都提高了10%以上.ERIC-PCR指纹图谱分析显示,设置水生植物的3个净化池微生物群落结构相似,且微生物种类较未设置植物的净化池丰富.指纹图谱在第2d、第15d、第30d的微生物多样性指数分别为1.89～2.22、2.17～2.43和2.28～2.68,平均相似系数分别为71.8%、86.9%和91.0%,表明随着系统的运行微生物多样性指数逐渐增大,条带的相似性逐渐增加,系统中微生物种群趋于多样化,结构趋于稳定,污染物降解效率也同步提高.

Analysis of Structure Changes of Microbial Community in Medium Biofilm by ERIC-PCR fingerprinting

A new technique, with medium biofilms and hydrophytes as main components, with microbes, plankton, hydrophytes and aquatic animals as basic ecological elements, was adopted to deal with eutrophication water in Shanghai. A pilot-scale test was carried on, with influent as 6 m(3)/d, 7 ponds parallelly connected, and with continuous influent and effluent. Water qualities were analyzed and ERIC-PCR fingerprinting method was used to study the natures of biofilm microbes. The results show that, the device has obvious affection on eutrophication water pollution removal, COD, TN, NH4+-N and TP removal efficiencies are respectively 20.7% - 48.5%, 20.1% - 49.7%, 39.8% - 66.2 % and 60.0% - 73.9% higher than those of control experiment. Water plants contribute for N and P absorption and removal, the three ponds with plants have higher TN and TP removal efficiency than the tree ones without hydrophytes, the enhanced TN removal efficiencies are 30.1%, 24.9% and 17.6% respectively. ERIC-PCR fingerprinting indicate that the three ponds with water plants have more similar microbial community structure to each other than no hydrophyte ponds, and that mean pairwise similarity coefficient value are 71.8% , 86.9% and 91.0% respectively on 2nd, 15th and 30th day, and at the same time the population diversity indexes rang from 1.89 to 2.22, 2.17 to 2.43 and 2.28 to 2.68, respectively. The above discussions conclude that the systemic population diversity indexes and structure similarity increase, biofilm microbes have gradually abundant population and stable structure, which are in accord with pollution removal efficiencies.