改性粘土去除赤潮生物及其对养殖生物的影响

研究了阳离子表面活性剂(HDTMA)对东海原甲藻的去除效果及其对日本对虾幼体的急性毒性作用,并利用该表面活性剂对天然粘土进行了有机改性.实验发现,HDTMA对东海原甲藻有较强的灭杀效果,添加粘土能显著降低HDTMA对对虾幼体的毒性效应.室内模拟实验表明,有机改性土用量为0.03g/L时对东海原甲藻的去除率为100%;对赤潮异弯藻有效抑制时的有机改性土用量为0.09g/L.同时结果显示,在有效去除东海原甲藻和赤潮异弯藻的剂量下,有机改性土对水体中的对虾幼体的存活没有明显影响,存活率为100%.在室内实验的基础上,于2003年4～5月在我国东海海域赤潮多发区进行了船基围隔试验,比较了各种粘土的除藻效果.初步结果表明,与未经处理的原土相比较,无机改性土复合体系和有机改性土都能有效地去除东海原甲藻赤潮.

Removal Efficiency of Red Tide Organisms by Modified Clay and Its Impacts on Cultured Organisms

Removal efficiencies of Prorocentrum donghaiense (Prorocentrum dentatum) by Hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) bromide and organo-clay modified by HDTMA were identified. Moreover the toxicity of the unbound HDTMA and HDTMA plus clay to aquacultural organisms, Penaeus japonicus, was also tested. The results suggested that (1) The unbound HDTMA had an excellent ability to remove the red tide organisms. However, its strong toxicity to Penaeus japonicus would restrict its practical use in red tide control. (2) The toxicity of HDTMA could be remarkably decreased by addition of clay and the organo-clay complex had a good ability to removal red tide organisms. At the same time the availability of organo-clay to remove the red tide of P. donghaiense and Heterosigma akashiwo in the lab-imitated cultures were studied. The results indicated that the organo-clay complex could remove 100% P. donghaiense at the dosage of 0.03 g/L and effectively control H. akashiwo at 0.09 g/L while the survival rate of Penaeus japonicus larvae, which were cultured in the red tide seawater, is kept 100%. According to the results in laboratory, the mesocosm tests (CEPEX) in East China Sea were conducted in April and May of 2003. The removal efficiencies of original clay, organic clay and inorganic clay were compared during the CEPEX tests. The results revealed that both inorganic clay and organic clay could remove red tide organisms more effectively than the original clay.