增氧对不同秸秆还田稻田田面水养分动态及温室气体排放的影响

秸秆还田对于改善土壤结构、培肥土壤和提高农作物产量与品质有着重要意义，但秸秆还田会增加甲烷排放和面源污染物排放等环境风险，如何减少秸秆还田带来的负面效应是亟需解决的难题.系统比较了增氧对不同碳氮比秸秆还田稻田水稻生长期内田面水碳氮含量和温室气体排放的影响.结果表明，不同秸秆还田均明显增加了稻田田面水中化学需氧量(COD),虽略微降低了N₂O排放，但显著促进了稻田甲烷的排放和全球增温潜势，大小表现为：麦秸还田>油菜秸秆>蚕豆秸秆还田；秸秆还田处理提高了水稻产量，但统计未达显著水平.增氧处理不显著影响水稻产量，使秸秆还田后田面水COD降低15%～32%,稻田甲烷排放显著降低10.4%～24.8%,稻田GWP显著降低9.7%～24.4%,其中麦秸还田处理下增氧效果最佳.结果发现增氧措施在秸秆还田稻田尤其是麦秸还田稻田温室气体减排与降低COD排放风险中的潜在作用及其应用可能性.

Effects of Aeration on Surface Water Nutrient Dynamics and Greenhouse Gas Emission in Different Straw Returning Paddy Fields

Straw returning is of great significance for improving soil structure, soil fertility, crop yield, and quality. However, straw returning causes environmental problems such as increased methane emission and non-point source pollutant emission risk. How to reduce the negative effects of straw returning is an urgent problem to be solved.In this study, the effects of aerobic treatment on carbon and nitrogen concentration in surface water and greenhouse gas emissions in paddy fields with different treatments of straw returning were systematically compared.The results showed that different treatments of straw returning significantly increased chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the surface water of the paddy field and significantly promoted the methane emission of the rice field and the global warming potential (GWP), although it slightly reduced N₂O emission. The increasing trends showed that wheat straw returning>rape straw>broad bean straw returning.Straw returning increased rice yield when compared with the control without straw returning, but the difference was not significant. Aerobic treatment reduced the COD in surface water by 15%-32%, the methane emission of the paddy field by 10.4%-24.8%, and the GWP of paddy field by 9.7%-24.4% under different straw returning treatments, without affecting the rice yield. The mitigation effect of aerobic treatment with wheat straw returning was the best. The results indicated the potential of oxygenation measures in greenhouse gas emission mitigation and COD emission risk reduction in straw returning paddy fields, especially in wheat straw returning paddy fields.