农田土壤除草剂污染的修复技术研究进展

除草剂主要用于保护农作物免受杂草的侵害，是现代农业生产中用量最多的一类农药.然而，随着全球粮食需求的增加，除草剂的用量逐年增大，药效也不断增强，导致除草剂在农田土壤中出现累积、迁移转化和毒害作用等问题.为了降低除草剂给土壤-作物系统带来的生态风险，根据除草剂污染特征和区域农业生产规律研发绿色低碳修复技术，是目前生态环境领域需要关注的问题.基于此，整理了近年来关于农田土壤除草剂污染治理的相关报道，重点分析了修复技术的研究进展和应用案例，并对除草剂修复领域未来的发展动态进行了展望.目前应用于农田除草剂的修复技术主要有基于微生物修复、酶修复和植物修复的生物修复技术，以及基于生物炭基材料的吸附固定技术.其中，生物修复技术的发展相对成熟，已经应用于实际农田除草剂的修复治理工作，并形成了成功的修复案例.为了提升对农田土壤除草剂污染的修复效果，修复技术逐渐从单一模式向物理化学-生物多技术耦合模式发展，以充分发挥多技术集成应用的协同作用.

Research Progress on the Remediation Technology of Herbicide Contamination in Agricultural Soils

Asthe most-used pesticides in the agricultural production process, herbicides are mainly applied to protect crops from weeds. However, with the increased global demand for food, the dosage of herbicides is rising annually, and the efficacy of herbicides is getting stronger, which can cause some environmental issues including the accumulation, migration and transformation, and toxic effects of herbicides in agricultural soils. According to the characteristics of herbicide contamination and regional agricultural production, developing green and low-carbon technologies to reduce the ecological risks of herbicides to the soil-crop systems is a current concern in the ecological environment field. In this paper, relevant studies in recent years on herbicide pollution management in agricultural soils were identified and reviewed, the research progress and application cases of remediation technologies for herbicide pollution was analyzed and demonstrated, and future research and development tendency regarding the remediation of herbicides pollution was also prospected. Current remediation technologies for herbicides mainly include bioremediation technologies (e.g., microbial remediation, enzyme remediation, and phytoremediation), adsorption, and immobilization technologies (e.g., biochar-based materials). The bioremediation technologieswere rather mature and had been applied to the herbicide-contaminated soil in fields. Additionally, many successful bioremediation cases have been reported. Moreover, in order to enhance the remediation effect on herbicide pollution in agriculture soils, remediation technologies have been gradually developed from a single model to a coupled model with physical,chemical, and biological technology, which can maximize the synergy of the multi-technology application.