基于GIS和L-THIA模型的深圳市观澜河流域非点源污染负荷变化分析

为探明深圳市观澜河流域在快速城市化过程中伴随土地利用变化的非点源污染负荷变化,基于GIS平台,运用L-THIA模型,通过校正其内设参数,模拟流域1996～2008年非点源污染负荷的空间分布及其变化.结果表明,1996～2008年的城市化过程中,TN、TP、COD这3种污染物的负荷总量都有大幅度的增长,其中TP变化最大,在13 a中增加了62.78%,TN和COD分别增加了59.73%和55.40%,TN、TP和COD等污染物高值区面积的空间分布变化在大趋势上基本一致,都是沿河道和主要交通干线向外围逐步扩张,最后连接成片;而SS的负荷总量却下降了7.59%.建设用地的扩张是非点源污染负荷及空间分布变化的主要因素,SS负荷输出最大的用地类型是水土流失严重的开发用地.以非点源污染负荷空间分布为依据,结合不同土地利用方式,可将观澜河分为4类非点源污染防治区,该结果可为流域非点源污染控制提供科学参考.

GIS and L-THIA Based Analysis on Variations of Non-point Pollution in the Guanlan River Watershed, Shenzhen

In order to reveal the influence of land use change on the non-point source pollution load during the rapid urbanization process in the Guanlan River watershed, Shenzhen, Guangdong, with the support of GIS, L-THIA model was used to analyze the changes in spatial distribution of non-point source pollution load in the river watershed from 1996 to 2008.The parameters in L-THIA model were revised according to the environmental conditions of the study region. The results showed that during the urbanization from 1996 to 2008, the load of major pollutants, namely TN, TP and COD, showed an obviously increasing trend with increase rates being 62.78%, 59.73% and 55.40%, respectively, and the distribution of areas with high pollution load was expanding along the river and the main roads, and then connected into large areas. The total load of SS was decreased by 7.59%. This was caused by the reduction of land for development, which was the land use pattern with high SS output. Therefore, in order to control the non-point pollution effectively, the Guanlan River watershed could be divided into four pollution control areas according to the distribution of pollution load and different land use patterns. The results of this research would provide scientific references for non-point source pollution control in the Guanlan River watershed.