太湖地区水稻土表层土壤10年尺度重金属元素积累速率的估计

以江苏省几个水稻土历年监测的重金属元素变化资料为基础,估计太湖地区水稻土表层土壤的重金属元素积累速率并推算本地区相应的几种环境影响的污染通量.结果表明,Cu/Zn、Pb和Cd的积累速率分别达到0.3～lmg·(kg·a)^-1、0.2～1mg·(kg·a)^-1和0.3～3μg·(kg·a)^-1,它们的年污染通量分别为0.5～1kg·(hm²·a)^-1,0.5～1.0kg·(hm²·a)^-1,0.5～3.0kg·(hm²·a)^-1和0.8～10×10^-3kg·(hm²·a)^-1.观察到有效态含量的积累速率高于全量.就整个区域来说,Pb、Cd的面源复合污染强度明显较其他环境影响因子大,尤其是Cd的污染通量较国际上的报道偏高,说明本地区环境污染较为严重,仍然是区域环境质量的制约因素本地区土壤重金属元素的变化及其对食物链的影响以及人类健康的影响必须引起广泛的重视.

Estimating of Decadal Accumulation Rates of Heavy Metals in Surface Rice Soils in the Tai Lake Region of China

Estimation of decadal accumulation of some heavy metals in surface rice soils from the Tai Lake region, southern Jiangsu Province, China was made by means of calculating the monitoring data and/or analysis data of the archived soil samples. For the last decade, the estimated annual accumulation rate for Cu or Zn, Pb and Cd was 0.3-1 mg.(kg.a)-1, 0.2-1 mg.(kg.a)-1 and 0.3-3 micrograms.(kg.a)-1 respectively, the apparent pollution loading was, therefore, respectively 0.5-1 kg.(hm2.a)-1, 0.5-1.0 kg.(hm2.a)-1, 0.5-3.0 kg.(hm2.a)-1 symbol: see text] 0.8-10 x 10(-3) kg.(hm2.a)-1. The accumulation rate for the content of available form was shown to be greater than that of total content. The non-point source pollution marked bigger contribution to the total annual loading for the Pb and Cd than the other source pollutions, while the Cd loading was prominently higher than those reported in Europe. These results may indicate that the food safety in this region may be constrained by the soil pollution of these heavy metals at high accumulation rates.