1992~2012年福州市和厦门市酸雨变化特征及影响因素

利用1992~2012年福州市和厦门市的酸雨观测资料、天气形势和大气污染物浓度资料,分析酸雨变化特征及酸雨可能的影响因素.结果表明,福州市非酸雨和酸雨频率分别为38.1%和61.9%,厦门市分别为40.6%和59.4%;福州市年均降水pH值在4.1~5.5之间,2007年之后酸雨污染减轻,厦门市2006年之后酸雨污染减轻;冬、春季节酸雨污染重,夏、秋季节酸雨污染轻.降水强度能改变降水的酸性程度;福州市在东南(SE)、西南(SW)、西(W)、西北(NW)风向下酸雨污染较严重,厦门市在东北(NE)、SW、W、NW风向下酸雨污染较重;变性冷高压下酸雨污染最重,台风(热带辐合带)及其外围的天气形势下酸雨污染最轻;福州市大气污染物SO2、NO2、PM10浓度与降水pH值呈负相关关系.

Characteristics and the Impact Factors of Acid Rain in Fuzhou and Xiamen 1992-2012

Based on the observed acid rain data, synoptic situations and mass concentrations of atmospheric pollutants data from 1992 to 2012, the temporal variation characteristics and the impact factors of acid rain were analyzed in Fuzhou and Xiamen. The results showed that acid rain and non-acid rain accounted for 38.1% and 61.9% respectively in Fuzhou, 40.6% and 59.4% respectively in Xiamen. The annual average pH was 4.1-5.5 in Fuzhou. Acid rain pollution alleviated after 2007 in Fuzhou, and alleviated after 2006 in Xiamen. Acid rain was more serious in winter and spring than in summer and autumn. Precipitation intensity could affect the acidity of rain. Acid rain was observed more serious in southeast, southwest, west and northwest wind in Fuzhou, and more serious in northeast, southwest, west and northwest wind in Xiamen. Acid rain was most severe under the condition of transformed surface cold high, while most light under the conditions of typhoon (intertropical convergence zone) and outside of typhoon (intertropical convergence zone). There was a negative correlation between the mass concentrations of atmospheric pollutants, such as SO₂, NO₂, PM₁₀, and the pH of rain in Fuzhou.