华北低平原区地下水中氟分布特征及形成原因:以南皮县为例

华北低平原区区域水资源和农业生产矛盾突出,深层地下水氟超标进一步限制了区域水资源利用.为了解区域地下水中氟的分布情况及其来源,在南皮县域内通过野外调查和采样,利用水文地球化学和稳定同位素相结合的方法对其进行了分析.结果表明,空间分布上,浅层地下水低氟中心分布在地表淡水水库——大浪淀附近,高氟中心分布在东南和西南部;深层地下水高氟中心与开采量大的区域分布一致.局部地区受点源(暗管排污)和非点源(深层地下水灌溉)等人为因素的影响出现浅层地下水氟超标现象;受岩石沉积、水文地质条件等影响所有深层地下水氟质量浓度均超过国家饮用水标准(1.00mg·L-1),过量开采深层地下水导致黏土矿物里面的氟离子随释水作用进入水体,导致氟质量浓度升高.随着浅层微咸水开发利用程度的增加及深层地下水限采压采措施的执行,华北中东部低平原区区域水环境将发生较大变化,明确现状条件下地表水和地下水氟污染的原因对未来水资源合理开发利用具有重要意义.

Distribution Characteristics and Source of Fluoride in Groundwater in Lower Plain Area of North China Plain: A Case Study in Nanpi County

There is an obvious regional contradiction between water resources and agricultural produce in lower plain area of North China, however, excessive fluorine in deep groundwater further limits the use of regional water resources. In order to understand the spatial distribution characteristics and source of F^- in groundwater, study was carried out in Nanpi County by field survey and sampling, hydrogeochemical analysis and stable isotopes methods. The results showed that the center of low fluoride concentrations of shallow groundwater was located around reservoir of Dalang Lake, and centers of high fluoride concentrations were located in southeast and southwest of the study area. The region with high fluoride concentration was consistent with the over-exploitation region of deep groundwater. Point source pollution of subsurface drainage and non-point source of irrigation with deep groundwater in some regions were the main causes for the increasing F^- concentrations of shallow groundwater in parts of the sampling sites. Rock deposition and hydrogeology conditions were the main causes for the high F^- concentrations (1.00 mg ·L^-1, threshold of drinking water quality standard in China) in deep groundwater. F^- released from clay minerals into the water increased the F^- concentrations in deep groundwater because of over-exploitation. With the increasing exploitation and utilization of brackish shallow groundwater and the compressing and restricting of deep groundwater exploitation, the water environment in the middle and east lower plain area of North China will undergo significant change, and it is important to identify the distribution and source of F^- in surface water and groundwater for reasonable development and use of water resources in future.