洱海流域农业用地与入湖河流水质的关系研究

采用空间分析和统计分析方法,从综合农业用地和各类农业用地面积百分比两个层次研究洱海流域农业用地与入湖河流水质的关系.结果表明,研究区10个小流域入湖河流水质空间差异性显著,流域西部入湖河流总磷污染严重,北部和南部入湖河流(D3除外)主要污染指标为有机物和氮;流域农业用地面积百分比与入湖河流水质的关系密切,综合农业用地面积百分比与雨季入湖河流高锰酸盐指数、NH+4-N、TN、TP呈负相关,相关系数分别为-0.859、-0.565、-0.693、-0.181,与非雨季高锰酸盐指数、NH+4-N呈负相关,相关系数为-0.384、-0.328,与非雨季TN和TP呈正相关,相关系数为0.221、0.146;各类农业用地面积百分比对入湖河流水质表征作用较强,耕地与TN、TP在雨季和非雨季均呈正相关,与两者的相关系数雨季为0.252、0.581,非雨季为0.149、0.511,耕地与高锰酸盐指数、NH+4-N在雨季和非雨季分别呈正相关和负相关,与两者的相关系数雨季为0.388、0.053,非雨季为-0.137、-0.147,林地与耕地的表现则正好相反,与TN、TP、高锰酸盐指数、NH+4-N的相关系数雨季为-0.526、-0.275、-0.469、-0.155,非雨季为-0.012、-0.100、0.282、0.151,鱼塘对TN和TP的指示作用不显著,草地和园地在雨季与耕地的表现类似,非雨季与耕地的表现相反.可见,洱海流域农业面源治理时应重点加强北部和南部在雨季时耕地、草地和园地的管控.

Relationship Between Agricultural Land and Water Quality of Inflow River in Erhai Lake Basin

We studied the relationship between agricultural land and water quality of inflow river in Erhai Lake Basin, by means of spatial and statistical analysis, from the perspective of comprehensive agricultural land and the area percentage of different types of agricultural land. The obtained results indicated that inflow water quality showed a significant spatial difference, the inflow TP pollution in the western inflow rivers of Erhai Basin was serious. The major pollution indicators in the northern and southern inflow rivers (except for D3) were organic matter and nitrogen. The area percentage of agricultural land had a significantly indicative effect on the water quality of inflow river. The area percentage of comprehensive agricultural land negatively correlated with permanganate index, NH₄⁺-N, TN and TP contents in wet season, the correlation coefficients were -0.859, -0.565, -0.693, -0.181.It negatively correlated with permanganate index and NH₄⁺-N content in dry season, the correlation coefficients were -0.384, -0.328.It had positive relationships with and TN, TP content in dry season, the correlation coefficients were 0.221 and 0.146. The area percentage of different types of agricultural land had an obviously indicative effect on the inflow water quality. Farmland positively correlated with TN and TP contents both in wet and dry seasons. The correlation coefficients between farmland and TN, TP were 0.252, 0.581 in rainy season and were 0.149, 0.511 in dry season. It had positive and negative relationships with permanganate index, NH₄⁺-N content in wet season and dry season, respectively. The correlation coefficients between farmland and permanganate index, NH₄⁺-N were 0.388,0.053 in rainy season and were -0.137, -0.147 in dry season. Forest land exhibited an opposite performance to that of farmland. The correlation coefficients between forest land and TN, TP, permanganate index, NH₄⁺-N were -0.526, -0.275, -0.469, -0.155 in rainy season and were -0.012, -0.100, 0.282, 0.151 in dry season. Fishpond had a weakly indicative effect on TN and TP contents. Meadowland and orchard had a similar performance with that of farmland in wet season, but were opposite to that of farmland in dry season. Therefore, management for farmland, meadowland and orchard in the north and south during wet season should be emphasized during the agricultural nonpoint source control in Erhai Lake Basin.