常州市老城区重点生活污染源对北市河的污染负荷研究

以常州市老城区北市河为研究区域,对其汇水区域内的所有重点污染源的污水产生量、污染物性质及排污去向进行了详细调查和监测,利用确定的污染系数计算出各污染源的排污负荷.结果表明,除pH外,常州市的垃圾屋、垃圾转运站、公厕、餐饮等污染源排放的污水中SS、COD、BOD5、氨氮、TN、TP等浓度较高,远远超过了《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)及《污水排入城市下水道水质标准》(CJ3082-1999);其中:垃圾转运站的COD最高达51700mg/L,而公厕污水中氨氮和TN分别高达1616mg/L和2044mg/L.各污染源通过雨水管网进入河道的比例较高.排入北市河的年污染负荷源类型中,以餐饮业最多,其次是环卫设施;污染物以COD最高,为125.2t/a;其次是BOD5,为40.53t/a;因此,各污染源的COD和BOD5应为主要控制目标,且应首先对沿河餐饮和环卫设施进行截污治理.

Characteristics and Loads of Key Sources of Pollutions Discharged into Beishi River, Changzhou City

Choosing the Beishi river, Changzhou City as the study area, the sewage generation, pollutants characteristics and sewage discharge in catchment area of Beishi river were conducted, detailed investigated and monitored. After using pollution coefficients, the yearly loads of all sources of pollutions were calculated to determine the highest sewage. The results showed that: except pH, the high concentration of SS, COD, BOD5, ammonia nitrogen, TN and TP discharged from MSW collecting houses, MSW transfer stations, public toilets and dining in Changzhou city far exceeded the "Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard" (GB 8978-1996) and "Effluent Discharged into the City Sewer Water Quality Standards" (CJ 3082-1999). Among which: the highest concentration of COD discharged from MSW transfer stations was up to 51 700 mg/L, while the ammonia nitrogen and TN were as high as 1 616 mg/L and 2 044 mg/L in the toilet wastewater. In addition to this, the ratio of wastewater discharged directly into the river through storm water pipe network was higher from MSW houses, MSW transfer stations, public toilets, dining and other waste in Changzhou city. The 125.2 t/a of COD and 40.53 t/a of BOD5 were the two highest concentrations of various sources of pollution. The highest annual polluting loads discharged into Beishi river is dining, followed by the sanitation facilities. Therefore, cutting pollution control of food and sanitation facilities along the river is particularly urgent.