微生物-铁氧化物交互作用对黄土中砷活化迁移的影响

中国黄土高原地区普遍存在地下水砷超过饮用水标准问题,迫切需要深入认识和理解高砷地下水形成机制.在分析黄土中砷的含量、赋存状态基础上,以乳酸钠为有机碳源,开展缺氧条件下厌氧微生物-铁氧化物交互作用影响黄土中砷活化迁移的模拟实验研究.结果表明黄土中砷含量在23~30 mg·kg-1,变化范围很小.砷主要以吸附态、铁氧化物结合态、残渣态形式存在,平均值分别为10.57 mg·kg-1(占总砷37.76%)、10.12 mg·kg-1(占总砷36.15%)、7.19 mg·kg-1(占总砷25.69%);当水中存在有机物形成缺氧环境时,厌氧微生物异化铁还原菌(DIRB)和硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)直接或间接还原铁氧化物引起部分铁氧化物分解,导致吸附态和铁氧化物结合态砷部分释放到地下水中,引起地下水中砷升高,砷释放量主要与水中有机物浓度有关.研究表明,当有机物浓度达到100 mg·L-1时,固液比为1∶10,在土著微生物作用下,砷浓度可以达到15μg·L-1;接种DIRB和SRB以及两种微生物同时存在都有明显的促进黄土中砷活化迁移的作用,水中砷浓度可以达到40μg·L-1.

Effect of the Interaction of Microorganisms and Iron Oxides on Arsenic Releasing into Groundwater in Chinese Loess

A large part of groundwater in the Chinese Loess Plateau area is characterized by high arsenic concentration. Anaerobic bacteria have been considered to play key roles in promoting arsenic releasing from loess to groundwater. However, this hypothesis remains unconfirmed. Based on modeling experiments, this study investigated the speciation of arsenic in loess, and then determined the release rates and quantities of arsenic with the mediation of anaerobic bacteria. The results showed that arsenic contents in loess were between 23 mg·kg^-1 and 30 mg·kg^-1. No obvious arsenic content difference among loess samples was observed. The ratios for specific adsorbed, iron oxides co-precipitated and silicate co-precipitated arsenic were 37.76%, 36.15% and 25.69%, respectively. Indigenous microorganisms, dissimilatory iron reducing bacteria (DIRB) and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) could all promote the release of arsenic from loess. Organic matters highly affected the release rates. More than 100 mg·L^-1 sodium lactate was required for all bacterial experiments to facilitate obvious arsenic release. Considering the redox condition in loess, the contribution of SRB to arsenic release in loess area was less feasible than that of DIRB and indigenous microorganisms.