江西锦江流域抗生素污染特征与生态风险评价

利用固相萃取-超高效液相色谱串联质谱法，测定分析了江西省锦江流域地表水、地下水、生活污水和养殖废水中8种磺胺类、9种喹诺酮类、4种四环素类、4种大环内酯类和2种硝基咪唑类共27种抗生素的浓度和分布特征.结果表明，锦江流域水体存在抗生素的污染，地表水中共检出20种抗生素，浓度范围为32.3~280 ng·L^-1.地下水中检出15种抗生素，浓度范围为28.4~55.8 ng·L^-1.废水中检出21种抗生素，浓度范围为231~8.71×10⁴ ng·L^-1.与国内外河流湖泊中8种常见抗生素浓度进行对比表明，锦江流域污染程度处于中等水平.对比国内外地下水中磺胺甲唑浓度可知，锦江流域地下水中磺胺甲唑污染程度中等偏下.与国内外养殖厂废水中3种抗生素浓度对比可知，锦江流域养殖废水中磺胺嘧啶的污染程度较高.生态风险评价结果表明，研究区中高风险抗生素有9种，分别是克拉霉素、红霉素、环丙沙星、磺胺噻唑、罗红霉素、四环素、氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星和磺胺甲唑，其余为低风险或无风险.

Antibiotic Pollution Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment in Jinjiang River Basin, Jiangxi Province

The concentration and distribution characteristics of 27 antibiotics, including 8 sulfonamides, 9 quinolones, 4 tetracyclines, 4 macrolides, and 2 nitroimidazoles, in the surface water, groundwater, and wastewater of the Jinjiang River basin in Jiangxi province were determined using solid-phase extraction combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The results showed that there was antibiotic pollution in the waters of the Jinjiang River basin. A total of 20 antibiotics were detected in the surface water, with a concentration range of 32.3-280 ng·L^-1. There were 15 types of antibiotics detected in the groundwater, and the concentration range was 28.4-55.8 ng·L^-1. Twenty-one types of antibiotics were detected in the wastewater, with a concentration range of 231-8.71×10⁴ ng·L^-1. A comparison with the concentrations of eight common antibiotics in rivers and lakes in China and abroad showed that the pollution level in the Jinjiang River basin was at a medium level. By comparing the concentrations of sulfamethoxazole in groundwater from domestic and international samples, the groundwater pollution in the Jinjiang River basin was clearly in the middle and lower range. A comparison of the concentrations of the three antibiotics in the aquaculture wastewater from domestic and abroad samples indicated that the pollution level of sulfadiazine in the aquaculture wastewater from the Jinjiang River basin was relatively high. The ecological risk assessment results showed that there were nine medium- and high-risk antibiotics, which were clarithromycin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, sulfathiazole, roxithromycin, tetracycline, ofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole; the rest were low-risk or no-risk antibiotics.