垃圾填埋场空气真菌群落结构和时空分布特征

为了解垃圾填埋场空气真菌的群落结构和浓度、粒径的时空分布,在北京市某垃圾卫生填埋场填埋区、渗滤液处理区、生活区分别选定监测点,利用安德森六级微生物采样器,对填埋场空气真菌进行了系统的定点取样和分析.结果表明,除无孢菌外,共出现了15属空气真菌.优势菌属依次为枝孢属(Cladosporium)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、青霉属(Penicillium)、无孢菌群(Non-sporing).填埋区和渗滤液处理区空气真菌浓度约为1 750 CFU.m-3,明显高于生活区(p0.05).2006年4月~2007年1月空气真菌浓度变化曲线呈双峰型,2个高峰分别出现在5月和9~10月,浓度可达5 000 CFU.m-3以上.填埋区4~7月空气真菌09:00~11:00的浓度低于15:00~16:00,在8月~次年1月趋势相反.空气真菌粒子在Ⅲ~Ⅴ级约占总数的75%.填埋区和渗滤液处理区的空气真菌中值直径均为2.9μm,生活区为2.8μm,3个功能区空气真菌的中值直径没有差异(p0.05).

Community Structure and Time-Space Distribution Characteristic of Airborne Fungi in a Municipal Landfill Site

In order to determine the community structure and time-space distribution characteristics of airborne fungi in waste landfill sites, supervisory points were set in sanitary landfill area, leachate treatment area and living area in a Waste Sanitary Landfill Site in Beijing.Airborne fungi were collected by Andersen six stages sampler, and the study on the community structure and distribution of airborne fungi was carried out systematically. The results show that fifteen genera of culturable fungi are identified (exclusion Non-sporing), Cladosporium,Aspergillus, Penicillium and Non-sporing are the dominant genera. The concentration of airborne fungi in sanitary landfill area and leachate treatment area are about 1 750 CFU·m~(-3) , which is higher than that in living area (p < 0.05) . Monthly change curve of the airborne fungi concentration shows double peak type, the peak value appears in May and September-October, which can reach at 5 000 CFU·m~(-3). It indicates a trend that the concentration is higher at 09:00-11:00 than that at 15:00-16:00 from April to July, but it performs reserved trend from August to the next January. 75% of the airborne fungi distributes in stage Ⅲ-Ⅴ . The counted median diameters (CMD) of airborne fungi in three functional areas are 2.9 fun, 2.9 μm and 2.8 μm respectively, there are no statistical difference (p > 0.05) .