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薄膜覆盖减少化肥养分流失研究
引用本文:陈火君,卫泽斌,吴启堂,曾曙才.薄膜覆盖减少化肥养分流失研究[J].环境科学,2010,31(3):775-780.
作者姓名:陈火君  卫泽斌  吴启堂  曾曙才
作者单位:华南农业大学资源环境学院农业部生态农业重点开放实验室;
基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD89B14)
摘    要:我国化肥的利用率低,使用量又不断增长,增加了农业面源污染问题的严重性.本研究针对化肥流失主要通过水带走的特性,进行大田试验种植玉米,利用薄膜覆盖所施用的化肥,实现"肥与水隔离",以减少化肥流失.试验一方面观察了不同施肥处理二季甜玉米的生长和产量,另一方面测定了作物对肥料的利用率以及地表径流养分含量.结果表明,在本土壤条件下甜玉米只需施用常规施肥量的70%即可达到高产.甜玉米收获后土壤中碱解氮、有效磷、有效钾的含量比不经薄膜覆盖的显著提高,其顺序为100%施肥量+覆膜70%施肥量+覆膜100%施肥量、70%施肥量不施肥.氮、磷、钾肥料的表观利用率分别为42%~87%、0%~3%和5%~15%,覆膜处理一般高于不覆膜处理,特别是在高施肥量情况下更为明显.通过8次径流水的收集测定,无薄膜覆盖的施肥处理的地表径流N、P和K平均浓度分别为27.72、2.70和7.07 mg.L-1,薄膜覆盖技术处理降低N、P、K浓度的效果分别达到了39.54%、28.05%、43.74%,对于减少农业面源污染和水体富营养化可起到明显效果.

关 键 词:化肥  薄膜覆盖  流失  肥料利用率  农业面源污染  
收稿时间:2009/2/11 0:00:00
修稿时间:2009/10/12 0:00:00

Reducing Nutrients Loss by Plastic Film Covering Chemical Fertilizers
CHEN Huo-jun,WEI Ze-bin,WU Qi-tang and ZENG Shu-cai.Reducing Nutrients Loss by Plastic Film Covering Chemical Fertilizers[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Science,2010,31(3):775-780.
Authors:CHEN Huo-jun  WEI Ze-bin  WU Qi-tang and ZENG Shu-cai
Institution:Key Laboratory on Eco-agriculture of the Ministry of Agriculture;College of Natural Resources and Environment;South China Agricultural University;Guangzhou 510642;China
Abstract:With the low utilization rate of fertilizers by crop and the growing amount of fertilizer usage,the agricultural non-point source pollution in China is becoming more and more serious.The field experiments planting corns were conducted,in which the applied chemical fertilizers were recovered with plastic film to realize the separation of fertilizers from rain water.In the experiments,the influences of different fertilizing treatments on the growing and production of sweet corn were observed.The fertilizer ut...
Keywords:chemical fertilizers  plastic-film covering  run-off loss  utilization coefficient of fertilizers  agricultural non-point source pollution  
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