新疆干旱区某矿冶场对周围土壤重金属累积的影响

我国西部干旱半干旱地区为生态脆弱区,近年来西部工矿业发展引起的土壤污染问题越来越受到关注.本文通过空间布点采样,采用多元统计分析、GIS技术以及地积累指数评估等手段,对新疆某矿冶场区周围土壤的9种重金属污染特征进行了调查.结果表明,Cu和As元素为研究区域的主要重金属污染物;重金属Cr、Zn、Ni和Cd累积程度较轻、受人为干扰小;Co和Pb元素在少数样点存在人为干扰累积的现象,但程度也较轻;土壤中Mn没有明显累积和人为干扰.因子分析结果发现9种重金属主要存在2种来源,As、Cu、Ni、Cr、Zn、Cd和Co主要来源于第1种源;元素Mn和Pb主要来源于第2种源.从重金属空间分布特征可知,As、Cu、Ni、Cr、Zn、Pb、Cd和Co的最高含量样点都分布在尾砂库附近区域,因此对尾砂库进行封闭处理是减少重金属污染物向周围环境扩散的重要措施.此外,本研究还发现基于大气污染分析的PCA/APCS受体模型不适用于本案例中定量分析土壤重金属来源.

Effect of a Mining and Smelting Plant on the Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Soils in Arid Areas in Xinjiang

Arid and semi-arid regions in West China are ecologically fragile zones. Increasing attention has been focused on soil pollution triggered by mining and smelting in those areas. Nine heavy metals in the soil around a mining and smelting plant in Xinjiang were investigated using multivariate analysis, the geoaccumulation index, and GIS techniques. The heavy metals Cu and As were identified as the main pollutants in the study area. The accumulation of the heavy metals Cr, Zn, Ni, and Cd is small and weakly disturbed by human activity. Anthropogenic accumulation of Co and Pb was observed at a few sampling sites; its degree was also small. Anthropogenic accumulation of Mn in soil was not apparent. The factor analysis indicates two sources for the nine heavy metals in the soils. Source 1 includes As, Cu, Ni, Cr, Zn, Cd, and Co, while Source 2 includes Mn and Pb. The spatial distribution suggests that the sites with the highest As, Cu, Ni, Cr, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Co concentrations are in areas close to the tailing dump. The sealing tailing dump is the prior way to prevent the spread of heavy metals. The results also reveal that the PCA/APCS receptor model is not applicable for the quantification of the contribution of heavy metals in soils in this case.