城市非点源污染的主要来源及分类控制对策

土地利用方式是影响流域水质的主要因素,加强土地利用管理是提高流域水环境质量的重要途径之一.以武汉市汉阳区为例,利用逐步回归模型分析了城市土地利用类型与流域湖泊水质之间的相关关系,发现农村居民地、城市居民地、商业用地和滩地等用地类型是城市湖泊非点源污染的主要来源.基于土地利用类型,流域中的17个汇水单元可聚为3类,分别以农村居民用地,城市居民用地和商业用地,滩地为主.依照各类汇水单元的景观结构特点,针对性地提出了非点源污染的分类控制措施,简化了控制措施和提高了可操作性.

Main Sources of Urban Non-point Source Pollution and Control Measures for Classified Catchments

The change of land use and management practices is one of the most important factors that affecting water quality,proper land use management practices can improve water quality in a watershed.A stepwise regression model was used for finding the relationship between lake water quality and urban land use types,and rural residential,urban residential,commercial land and bottomland were determined as the main sources of non-point source pollution(NPS).The 17 catchments in the study area were clustered into 3 groups through land use types,representing rural residential,urban residential,commercial land and bottomland separately.According to the different characters of landscape structures in each group,appropriate countermeasures designed for effective NPS control simplified the practices and improved the maneuverability of urban NPS control.