遗体火化二(口恶)英类排放水平及影响因素

采用现场监测方式调查了国内13台火化机烟气中PCDD/Fs排放情况,分析火化炉型、烟气处理设施和随葬品等因素对其排放水平的影响,提出相关污染控制措施和管理措施的建议. 结果表明,各样品的PCDD/Fs毒性当量浓度(以I-TEQ计,下同)差异较大,范围为0.027~15.8 ng·m^-3,平均值为3.2 ng·m^-3. PCDD/Fs排放因子范围为45.9~22236 ng·具^-1,均值为4738 ng·具^-1. 平板炉PCDD/Fs排放水平总体低于捡灰炉,达标率高于捡灰炉. 火化烟气中17种PCDD/Fs异构体分布特征存在一定差异. 部分火化机PCDD/Fs排放浓度仍处于较高水平,有必要从源头上减少污染、提高污染控制技术、加强政府监管,如将随葬品另炉火化、增设二燃室、配备布袋除尘器和活性炭喷射处理设施等.

Emission of PCDD/Fs from Crematories and Its Influencing Factors

To analysis the influencing factors for the emssions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) as structure of crematory, air pollution control device (APCD) and funeral objects, etc,we collected and measured the PCDD/Fs emissions in flue gas from 13 crematories in China.Then we proposed some supervision suggestions on measures of pollution control and management.The results indicated that the emission levels of PCDD/Fs (as the toxic equivalent concentration, TEQ) was ranged in a large gap from 0.027 to 15.8 ng·m^-3,and the average was 3.2 ng·m^-3.Emissions factor of PCDD/Fs (as TEQ) from 13 crematories varied between 45.9 and 22236 ng·body^-1,and the average was 4738 ng·body^-1.The emissions of PCDD/Fs from flat incinerators were generally lower, whereas higher ratio up to the national discharge standard, than that of car type incinerators.Congener distribution of PCDD/Fs in flue gas from 13 crematories were different from each other.Since the emission of PCDD/Fs from some crematories remains in high level, it is necessary to control pollution from the source, improve the pollution control technology, and strengthen government supervision, by following measures: 11 cremating funeral objects separately from corpse;22 adding one secondary chamber to one main chamber;33 installing the bag filter system with activated carbon injection.