Cd、Cu和Pb复合污染对蚯蚓抗氧化酶活性的影响

采用蚯蚓毒性试验和均匀组合设计(Cd:0~15 mg·kg-1,Cu:0~175 mg·kg-1,Pb:0~600 mg·kg-1)方法,以赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia foetida)为试验蚓种,研究了土壤中重金属Cd、Cu、Pb复合污染对蚯蚓体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)和酸性磷酸酶(AP)活性的影响,为重金属污染土壤的生物学诊断和风险评价提供科学依据.结果表明,Cd、Cu、Pb复合胁迫对蚯蚓SOD、GST和AP活性产生显著的诱导效应,酶活性与重金属含量及其持续时间密切相关:蚯蚓SOD活性在暴露前8 d因受重金属胁迫比第0 d增加了7.4%~240.5%,之后因胁迫过强被抑制,比第8 d下降了19.4%~69.7%.GST活性则在暴露前16 d持续增加了104.3%~217.3%,之后受抑制比第16 d下降了1.2%~40.3%.AP活性随时间呈"促进-抑制-促进-抑制"变化,在第8 d受胁迫比第0 d下降了9.2%~37.8%,至第16 d产生适应比第8 d增加了37.2%~117.2%,但最终因胁迫过强比第16 d下降了24.3%~34.0%.回归分析表明,Pb和Cd-Cu-Pb对SOD活性的产生影响最为显著,Cd和Cu则显著影响了GST和AP活性.

Effects of Combined Pollution of Cd, Cu and Pb on Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Earthworm in Soils

Recently, soil heavy metal contamination becomes more and more serious in certain areas in China. Adverse effect caused by heavy metals in contaminated soils has been a wide concern for many years. In this study, a bioassay experiment with the earthworm (Eisenia foetida) was conducted to investigate the effects of compound application of Cd, Cu and Pb in soil on surperoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase(GST) and acid phosphatase(AP) activity in earthworms. Through a method of greenhouse soil experiment, this study utilized a uniform design method of three factors and six levels (Cd: 0-15 mg·kg^-1, Cu: 0-175 mg·kg^-1, Pb: 0-600 mg·kg^-1) to research the physiological property and enrichment characteristics of earthworm in soils with Cd, Cu and Pb compound pollution. The activity of SOD, GST and AP were inhibited significantly under Cd, Cu and Pb compound pollution. And they were impacted by both time and heavy metal contents in the soil. Compared with the control sample, the activity of SOD increased by 7.4%-240.5% in the first eight days under the stress of heavy metals. But owing to the extremely severe stress, it was suppressed and descended by 19.4%-69.7%. Compared with the control sample, the activity of GST increased by 104.3%-217.3% in the first sixteen days under the stress of heavy metals. But owing to the extremely severe stress, it was suppressed and descended by 1.2%-40.3%. The activity of AP changed over time in a trend of "increase, decrease, increase, decrease". Compared with the control sample, the activity of AP decreased by 9.2%-37.8% in the first eight days, then increased by 37.2%-117.2% in sixteenth days and decreased by 24.3%-34.0% to the last day. The analysis demonstrates that Pb and Cd-Cu-Pb is the dominant factor to the activity of SOD, while Cd and Cu were the dominant factors to the activity of GST and AP.