青岛市区大气降尘重金属对人体健康风险的评价

在青岛市区采集大气降尘、土壤样品各89件,并分析化验了样品中Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn等的含量.在这些分析化验结果的基础上,应用美国EPA人体暴露风险评价方法,对青岛市区大气降尘重金属对人体的健康风险进行评价.结果表明,市南市北崂山区大气降尘重金属Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn平均值的含量最高,比李沧城阳区和黄岛区污染严重.大气降尘重金属平均值与相应土壤比,除市南市北崂山区大气降尘Hg的平均含量低于土壤均值外,其它均高于土壤.整体来看青岛市区大气降尘重金属对人体健康的风险差异不大,危害较小;但如果市南、崂山和城阳区大气降尘Cr、Pb一直保持这种高浓度,则有4个采样点可能对人体的健康造成危害;且不同途径、不同种类的大气降尘重金属累积将明显加大危害人体健康的风险.

Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Atmospheric Dust of Qingdao City

Based on the 89 atmospheric dust samples and soil samples that were collected around Qingdao, we tested and analyzed the contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn. Based on these analysis results, the risk of heavy metals in atmospheric dusts to human health were assessed by using the US EPA Health Risk Assessment Model. Analysis showed that the average contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn in the atmospheric dust of Shinan, Shibei and Laoshan districts were the highest. Therefore, the air pollution of these districts was more serious than the districts of Licang, Chengyang and Huangdao. Comparing the average contents of heavy metals in atmospheric dust with those in soil, we found that only the content of Hg in atmospheric dust collected from the districts of Shinan, Shibei and Laoshan was lower than that in the corresponding soil. All the contents of other heavy metals in atmospheric dust were higher than those in corresponding soil. As a whole, the heavy metals in atmospheric dust of Qingdao City showed slight difference and were less harmful to human health. However, it was harmful in some samples to human health if the contents of Cr and Pb in atmospheric dusts of Shinan, Laoshan and Chengyang districts were always kept at such high densities. Besides, the accumulation of heavy metals in atmospheric dust through various approaches and categories may obviously increase the risk of damaging human health.