SSCP技术分析不同废水处理系统中微生物群落结构

为研究不同废水处理系统中微生物群落结构以及认识群落结构与系统处理效能的关系,采用单链构象多态性技术(SSCP)分别对稳定运行的脱氮除磷反应器(N),中药废水处理反应器(P),啤酒废水处理反应器(W),糖蜜废水发酵制氢反应器(H)以及硫酸盐还原反应器(S)等5种废水处理系统中的微生物群落结构进行了解析.结果表明,处理同种废水且状态均一的反应器中微生物群落结构相似性最大;微生物种群多样性与废水中的有机质复杂性成正相关,中药废水由于含有较复杂的有机质成分,种群多样性最高,而人工配水的处理系统由于营养成分单一,种群多样性较低;与模式群落中微生物SSCP条带比较显示,某些功能微生物类群在整个系统中相对数量并非占优势,发酵产氢菌Ethanologenbacterium sp.在状态良好的制氢反应器中相对含量仅占5%,而脱硫弧菌Desulfovibrio sp.在硫酸盐还原反应器中的相对比例小于1.5%.SSCP指纹图谱技术能够揭示不同处理系统中微生物群落结构的差别,并对这些工艺中的部分功能微生物进行监测,进而为提高反应器的运行效果提供有益的指导.

Microbial Community Structure in Different Wastewater Treatment Processes Characterized by Single-Strand-Conformation Polymorphism(SSCP) Technique

In order to investigate microbial community structures in different wastewater treatment processes and understand the relationship between the structures and the status of processes,the microbial community diversity,variety and distribution in five wastewater treatment processes were studied by a culture-independent genetic fingerprinting technique single-strand-conformation polymorphism(SSCP).The five processes included a denitrification and phosphorus removal bioreactor(N),Chinese traditional medicine wastewater treatment bioreactor(P),beer wastewater treatment bioreactor(W),fermentative biohydrogen production bioreactor(H) and sulfate-reduction bioreactor(S).The results indicate that the microbial community profiles in the same wastewater bioreactors are very similar.The diversity of microbial populations is correlated with the complexity of organic contaminants in wastewater.Chinese traditional medicine wastewater contains more complex organic components,so the population diversity is higher than that of simple nutrient bioreactors fed with molasses wastewater. Compared with the strain bands in a simulated community,the relative proportion of some functional microbial populations in bioreactors was not dominant,namely,fermentative biohydrogen producer Ethanologenbacterium sp.in the better condition bioreactor had only 5% band density,and the Desulfovibrio sp.in the sulfate-reducing bioreactor had less than 1.5% band density.SSCP profiles can define the difference in microbial community structures in wastewater treatment processes and monitor some of the functional microbes in these processes,providing useful guidance for improving its efficiency.