三峡库区不同土地利用类型氮磷流失特征及其对环境因子的响应

农业面源污染治理是库区生态环境建设亟待解决的问题.通过对三峡库区退耕还林后不同土地利用类型养分流失的监测,分析不同退耕还林模式氮磷流失特征及其对环境因子的响应.结果表明:①不同土地利用类型养分流失浓度的变异性较强,速效养分浓度的变异性远高于全养分;②退耕还林后各土地利用类型磷的年流失负荷降低了84.53%～91.61%,氮的年流失负荷则只有乔木林和板栗显著降低,各土地利用类型的氮素流失负荷是磷素流失负荷的4.85～38.62倍;③不同土地利用类型的磷主要以颗粒态流失,而硝态氮则是氮流失的主要形态;④茶园与竹林的养分流失负荷与降雨量呈较好的相关性,磷素与降雨量的相关性优于氮素,养分流失负荷与降雨强度没有明显的相关性;⑤植被的总盖度、乔木层盖度以及凋落物层盖度对TN流失的影响程度较大.NO3--N的流失负荷受土壤表层NH4+-N含量影响程度较高.土壤TP含量和沙粒含量则是磷素流失的主要影响因素.

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss in Different Land Use Types and Its Response to Environmental Factors in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

The control of agricultural non-point source pollution (AGNPS) is an urgent problem to be solved for the ecological environment construction in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. We analyzed the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loss and its response to environmental factors through monitoring the nutrient loss in different land use types after returning farmland to forest. The results showed that: 1The variability of nutrient concentration loss was strong in different land use types under different rainfall conditions, and the variability in the concentration of available nutrient was much higher than that of total nutrient; 2Compared to farmland, the annual phosphorus loss of different land use types was reduced by 84.53%-91.61% after returning farmland to forest; the reduction of annual nitrogen loss was not significant except Chinese chestnut forest (Castanea mollissima) and arbor forest, and the nitrogen loss was much higher than the phosphorus loss in all land use types; 3The particle phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^--N) were the main forms of the phosphorus and nitrogen loss, respectively; 4The nutrient loss of tea garden (Camellia sinensis) and bamboo forest (Phyllostachys pubescens) showed a good correlation with precipitation, and the correlation of phosphorus was better than that of nitrogen, but there was no significant relation with the rainfall intensity; 5The coverage of vegetation, tree layer and litter had a great influence on the loss of total nitrogen(TN). NO₃^--N loss was highly influenced by the ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) content in the surface soil, and P loss mainly by the total phosphorus (TP) and sand content in the soil.