鸟粪石结晶反应在猪粪和玉米秸秆堆肥中的应用

控制堆肥化过程中的氨气排放是减少堆肥氮素损失的关键，应用鸟粪石结晶原理，以氢氧化镁［Mg(OH)₂］和磷酸（H₃PO₄）作为固定剂，按照摩尔比为1∶1，摩尔数为初始氮的15.4%添加到猪粪和玉米秸秆的堆肥物料中，通过26 d的密闭式底部强制通风静态堆肥.结果发现，添加固定剂的堆肥处理B中铵态氮含量显著提高，堆肥结束时，NH⁺₄-N含量为10.7　g·kg^-1，是未添加固定剂的处理A的3倍，全氮含量为36.9　g·kg^-1，比处理A提高10 g·kg^-1.同时，固定剂的添加促进了有机质的分解，堆肥结束时处理B的有机碳降解率比处理A高 2%，发芽率指数表明，处理B的腐熟度（96%）高于处理A（82%）.扫描电镜(scanning electron microscopy，SEM)及X射线能谱(energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy，EDS)分析证实了堆肥产品中有MgNH₄PO₄·6H₂O的存在.说明通过添加Mg(OH)₂和H₃PO₄，可以改变堆肥的理化性质，促进堆肥的降解和腐熟，并通过鸟粪石结晶反应将堆肥中的铵态氮固定下来，有效提高了堆肥的营养价值.

Application of Struvite Crystallization on Co-composting of Swine Manure and Cornstalk

Aimed at controlling the nitrogen loss caused by the ammonia gas emission during composting, the mixtures of magnesium hydroxide Mg(0H)_2] and phosphoric acid (H_3PO_4) were added into composting materials of awine manure and cornstalk. After 26 d composting,ammonical nitrogen and total nitrogen were improved obviously,which were 10.7 g·kg~(-1) and 36.9 g·kg~(-1) respectively in amended treatment (B) .while they were 7.7 g·kg~(-1) and 26.8 g·kg~(-1) in un-amended trial. By analysis of the total organic carbon,it suggested that amendments accelerated the degradation of organic matter, germination index test showed the maturity of trial B(96% ) was better than trial A(82% ) in final compost. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis confirmed the existence of struvite (MgNH_4PO_4 · 6H_2O). These results indicated that Mg (OH)_2 and H_3PO_4 could accelerate the degradation of organic matter, and reduce the ammonia emission by struvite crystallization reaction.