汽车涂料生产环节VOCs的排放特征及安全评价

选择某汽车涂料的生产车间为研究对象,根据汽车涂料生产工艺的不同环节,在3个生产车间选定了8个采样点,用气质联用仪分析了汽车涂料车间内不同生产环节的挥发性有机物(volatile organic compounds,VOCs)的种类及浓度水平,并通过比较各种VOC的浓度与国家卫生部规定的工作场所有毒物质职业接触限值中短时接触容许浓度,对车间工人健康的影响进行了评价.结果表明,汽车涂料生产车间内共检测出15种主要的VOCs,包括苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、甲基异丁基酮、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯、三甲苯、乙二醇丁醚等,其浓度检出范围为0.51~593.14 mg·m-3.生产车间各生产环节处TVOCs浓度显著不同,同一生产环节不同批次的气体样品中VOCs浓度也存在较大差异.二甲苯和乙酸丁酯是生产车间室内空气的主要VOCs.在生产高峰期部分VOCs浓度超过了工作场所有毒物质职业接触限值,需采取相应控制措施以保障工人健康.

Emission Characteristics and Safety Evaluation of Volatile Organic Compounds in Manufacturing Processes of Automotive Coatings

Emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were investigated in an automotive coating manufacturing enterprise. Air samples were taken from eight different manufacturing areas in three workshops, and the species of VOCs and their concentrations were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Safety evaluation was also conducted by comparing the concentration of VOCs with the permissible concentration-short term exposure limit (PC-STEL) regulated by the Ministry of Health. The results showed that fifteen VOCs were detected in the indoor air of the automotive coatings workshop, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl isobutyl ketone, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, trimethylbenzene and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, Their concentrations widely ranged from 0.51 to 593.14 mg·m^-3. The concentrations of TVOCs were significantly different among different manufacturing processes. Even in the same manufacturing process, the concentrations of each component measured at different times were also greatly different. The predominant VOCs of indoor air in the workshop were identified to be ethylbenzene and butyl acetate. The concentrations of most VOCs exceeded the occupational exposure limits, so the corresponding control measures should be taken to protect the health of the workers.