南京北郊大气VOCs体积分数变化特征

利用2011-03-01~2012-02-29南京北郊大气VOCs观测资料,对大气VOCs体积分数的时间序列变化特征、光化学活性差异和来源特征进行了研究.结果表明,VOCs体积分数平均为43.52×10-9,并呈现夏季高,冬季低的季节变化.VOCs体积分数呈现夜间高,白天低的日变化特征.VOCs体积分数夜间呈现夏季>秋季>春季>冬季,白天呈现冬季>夏季>春季>秋季.VOCs日变化幅度秋季最大,冬季最小.烷烃和烯烃日变化幅度最大值出现在秋季,芳香烃和炔烃日变幅最大值出现在春季.采用丙烯等量体积分数方法表示,VOCs物种中烯烃含量最高,芳香烃次之,烷烃最小.T/B、E/B和X/B比值平均值分别是1.23、0.95和0.81,反映出影响观测点的气团呈现一定老化程度.以3-甲基戊烷作为机动车排放典型示踪物,估算得到乙烯、甲苯和间,对-二甲苯分别有85%、71%和82%来自非机动车源.

Variation Characteristics of Ambient Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Nanjing Northern Suburb, China

Based on the data of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) collected continuously from Mar 1, 2011 to Feb 29, 2012 in the northern suburb of Nanjing, characteristics of their temporal variation, photochemical reactivity of their compositions and source characteristics of VOCs were analyzed. The results showed that the mean value of VOCs mixing ratios was 43.52×10^-9(volume fraction). There was an obvious seasonal cycle of VOCs, with the maximum in summer and minimum in winter. Diurnal variation of VOCs mixing ratios showed a very clear cycle, with higher average VOCs mixing ratios at nighttime than at daytime. The seasonal trend of VOCs mixing ratios at night was in the order of summer > autumn > spring > winter, whereas the order during daytime was winter > summer > spring > winter. Mixing ratio of VOCs had greater diurnal amplitude in autumn and lesser in winter. Alkanes and alkenes had greater diurnal amplitude in autumn. Aromatics and alkenes had greater diurnal amplitude in spring. Using the propylene-equal mixing ratios method, alkenes was found to be the largest part of VOCs, followed by aromatics, and alkanes was the least. The ratios of T/B, E/B and X/B were 1.23, 0.95 and 0.81, respectively, possibly due to the aging of the air mass at this site. The robust vehicular indicator, 3-methylpentane, which is an intrinsic component gasoline, was used to estimate the contributions of traffic versus non-traffic sources. The non-traffic source contribution was significant for ethene (85%), toluene (71%) and m,p-xylene (82%).