DOM纳滤膜污染及对膜截留卡马西平性能的影响

研究了天然原水中溶解性有机物(DOM)对HL和ESNA1-K两种纳滤膜造成的膜污染及其对膜截留卡马西平(CBZ)性能的影响.结果表明,DOM的存在造成了严重的膜污染和通量衰减.膜污染对CBZ截留率的影响与膜本身的特性和污染物特性有关,DOM通过在膜表面形成污染滤饼层和进入膜孔内部造成的膜孔堵塞,影响弱疏水性的CBZ从水中的分离,青草沙水库原水中的DOM引起的膜污染提高了两种纳滤膜对CBZ的截留效果,而太湖DOM造成的膜污染会降低CBZ的截留效果.研究还发现,中等相对分子质量(1 500~10 000)有机物会紧密地黏附在膜表面形成滤饼层,从而改变膜表面的疏水性能,小分子主要通过进入膜孔导致膜孔径堵塞.滤饼层的疏水性和浓差极化作用以及膜孔径的堵塞造成膜通量衰减并影响CBZ去除率.应用XDLVO理论对DOM造成的膜污染的分析结果表明,太湖DOM的疏水性明显强于青草沙DOM,其分子间的聚合自由能更负,与膜的黏附自由能更负,因而造成的膜污染和通量衰减更严重.

DOM Membrane Fouling and Effects on Rejection Behaviors of NF Membranes

This work investigated membrane fouling caused by two kinds of dissolved organic matters (DOMs), i. e., Qingcaosha(QCS) DOM and Taihu lake(TH) DOM, and the effects on the rejection behaviors of two different nanofiltration (NF) membranes, i. e., HL and ESNA1-K, using carbamazepine (CBZ) as a molecular indicator. The results showed that severe membrane fouling occurred in the presence of DOM. And the CBZ removal rate was associated with the properties and characteristics of the organic matters and the membranes. It was found that the hydrophobicity of adhered DOM cake layer was responsible for the flux decline and the influence of CBZ removal. QCS DOM increased the retention of CBZ, while TH DOM decreased the rejection rate of CBZ by both membranes tested. DOMs at medium relative molecular weight (Mr 1500-10000) could adhere closely to NF membranes to form cake layer, thus changed the hydrophobicity of the membranes. DOMs at low molecular weight could enter the membrane pores reducing the Mr, which influenced the CBZ removal and resulted in membrane fouling. The experiment also showed that DOM of TH contained more hydrophobic organic matters than that of QCS, the adhesion free energy and cohesion free energy of which was more negative, and the resulting membrane fouling and membrane flux decline were more severe.